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Ayapaneco Numte oote – Zoque de Tabasco

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
September 4, 2025
in Español, World Cultures
Reading Time: 6 mins read
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The Ayapanecos live in Ayapa, a community in the municipality of Jalpa de Méndez, whose municipal seat is located 33 kilometers from Villahermosa, Tabasco. Ayapa is an ancient Zoque town located in the coastal plain of Tabasco, between the Mezcalapa-Grijalva river and the sea front of the Gulf of Mexico, near the Cuxcuxapa river.

Due to its proximity to the seafront from the Gulf of Mexico, the region has intense warm temperatures with high humidity levels. The annual average temperature is 26.42°C. Its habitat is currently characterized by the variety of species related to high cocoa plantations, where fruit and timber trees abound. 

It is said that they descend from the Olmecs who emigrated to Chiapas and Oaxaca, where they mostly settled. In pre-Hispanic times, the zoques inhabited a wide area of ​​Chiapas, extending to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and part of the state of Tabasco.

They had good social and commercial dealings with the Mexica, which helped the economic prosperity of their culture in Chiapas.

The traditional dress is practically only worn by women, and on special occasions. Some very old men in the more remote communities wear white blanket shirts. The women wear a white blouse with short sleeves embroidered at the neck and a long poplin skirt in various colors.

The houses are mostly rectangular with one or two rooms, with walls made of low stone or adobe whitewashed inside and out. The floors are made of earth, the hipped roofs of tile or straw. In the municipal capitals the constructions are made of cement.

The festivals dedicated to the saints occupy a central role in the spirituality of the people of Ayapa, for this reason a lot of time and resources are invested to carry them out. People from the community and neighboring communities participate in these festivals. The most important festival is that of San Miguel, which is celebrated on September 29.

The patron saint festivities are very important within the annual cycle of celebrations, since they represent the moment in which the community reaffirms itself as a group before the other populations and allows the consolidation of identities both at the regional and local level. The central role of these celebrations is the meeting of the divinity with the community, which takes place over the approximate ten days that the festivities last.

Ayapaneco tale: The Wind

Back then there was a drunk man who fall down wherever he went. He even got inside some houses.

One day, he stepped on a cornfield and destroyed it.

He went on and knocked down whatever was on his way: trees, houses, and every parcel of land.

He was considered a worker in this world because that drunk man became the wind, that’s why now the wind wanders around as he pleases. Just like the drunk man who used to destroyed everything on its way.

Since then, that drunk man is the wind we feel.

Recipe: Chorote Cacao Drink

Chorote is a drink that is prepared with a fermented nixtamal dough and ground cocoa. For fermentation, they serve it in a long, oval clay container called apaste. They let it sit for the morning.

Ingredients:

  • 1 ½ liter water
  • 100 grams roasted and ground cocoa
  • 200 grams corn dough
  • 200 grams sugar

Preparation:

  1. Heat the water in a saucepan and when it starts to boil, add the cocoa along with the corn dough and sugar. Don’t stop stirring the mixture. You can add more water if you are looking for a lighter consistency.
  2. Remove from the heat and pass it through a strainer. You can serve it in small gourds or glasses with ice.

Ayapanecos Numte oote - Mayas Zoque de Tabasco

Los Ayapanecos habitan en Ayapa, son una comunidad del municipio de Jalpa de Méndez, cuya cabecera municipal se ubica a 33 kilómetros de Villahermosa, Tabasco. 

Los Ayapanecos son una antigua población Zoque ubicada en la llanura costera de Tabasco, entre el río Mezcalapa-Grijalva y el frente marino del Golfo de México, cerca del río Cuxcuxapa.

Por su cercanía con el frente marino proveniente del Golfo de México, la región presenta temperaturas cálidas intensas con altos índices de humedad. La temperatura media anual es de 26.42 °C. Su hábitat actualmente se caracteriza por la variedad de especies relacionadas con las altas plantaciones cacaoteras, donde abundan árboles frutales y maderables.

Se dice que descienden de los olmecas que emigraron a Chiapas y Oaxaca, donde se establecieron en su mayoría. En la época prehispánica, los zoques habitaban una amplia zona de Chiapas, extendiéndose hasta el Istmo de Tehuantepec y parte del estado de Tabasco. Tuvieron buenos tratos sociales y comerciales con los mexicas, lo que ayudó a la prosperidad económica de su cultura en Chiapas.

El vestido tradicional prácticamente sólo lo usan las mujeres, y en ocasiones especiales. Algunos hombres muy ancianos en las comunidades más apartadas usan camisa de manta blanca. Las mujeres usan blusa blanca de manga corta bordada en el cuello y falda larga de popelina en diversos colores.

Las viviendas son en su mayoría rectangulares de uno o dos cuartos, con paredes de bajareque o adobe encaladas por dentro y por fuera. Los pisos son de tierra, los techos de cuatro aguas de teja o paja. En las cabeceras municipales las construcciones son de cemento.

Las fiestas dedicadas a los santos ocupan un papel central en la espiritualidad del pueblo de Ayapa, por tal motivo se invierte mucho tiempo y recursos para realizarlas. En estas fiestas participa gente de la comunidad y de comunidades vecinas.

La fiesta más importante es la de San Miguel, que se celebra el 29 de septiembre. Las fiestas patronales son muy importantes dentro del ciclo anual de celebraciones, ya que representan el momento en que la comunidad se reafirma como grupo ante las demás poblaciones y permiten consolidar identidades tanto a nivel regional como local. El papel central de estas celebraciones es el encuentro de la divinidad con la comunidad, el cual se realiza a lo largo de los diez días aproximados que duran las fiestas.

Cuento Ayapaneco: El Viento

En aquel tiempo, había un hombre borracho que se caía por donde iba. A veces, hasta se metía en las casas.

Un día, entró en un sembradío y barrió con toda la milpa.

Siguió y tiró todo lo que encontró: árboles, casas y todo lo que estaba sembrado.

En aquel tiempo, había un hombre borracho que se caía por donde iba.

A veces, hasta se metía en las casas.

Un día, entró en un sembradío y barrió con toda la milpa.

Siguió y tiró todo lo que encontró: árboles, casas y todo lo que estaba sembrado.

Receta del Chorote

El chorote es una bebida que se prepara con un fermentado de masa de nixtamal y cacao molido. Para la fermentación lo sirven en un recipiente de barro ovalado y largo, llamado apaste. Lo dejan reposar durante la mañana. 

Ingredientes:

  • 1 1/2 litro agua
  • 100 gramos cacao tostado y molido
  • 200 gramos masa de maíz
  • 200 gramos azúcar

Preparación:

  1. Calienta el agua en una cacerola y cuando empiece a hervir, agrega el cacao junto con la masa de maíz y el azúcar. No dejes de mover la mezcla. Puedes añadir más agua si buscas una consistencia más ligera.
  2. Retira del fuego y pásala por un colador. Se sirve con hielos en pequeñas jícaras o vasos.
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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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