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Why We Celebrate “CINCO DE MAYO, THE 5TH OF MAY”

EL CENTRAL by EL CENTRAL
May 2, 2024
in Culture & Arts, Español
Reading Time: 9 mins read
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  • Raoul Lowery Contreras
  • May 2, 2024
Español Abajo

Americans were fascinated with the French Foreign Legion and its “courage” the rough and tough Foreign Legionnaires breathed and died by; remember?

Mexicans defeated the French Foreign Legion and obliterated any mystery of the name Napoleon.

José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general, politician, and later dictator who served seven terms as President of Mexico.
Image by thoughtco.com/

Yes, a few hundred Mexican veteran soldiers fresh off a civil war between Mexican Conservatives and Liberals soundly defeated 4,000 French soldiers and marines reinforced with 2000 Mexican Royalists who wanted to set up a new empire in Mexico.

But, what Hollywood romanticizes falls apart when Mexicans and Americans celebrate May 5th every year and we add April 30th to the celebration of two huge defeats by Mexicans of what was described by Europeans as the best 1860 Army in Europe.

French, Spanish and British troops landed in January 1862 and occupied the port of Vera Cruz. They installed custom collectors to collect cash to pay off Mexican government debts to private banks in Europe.

President Benito Juarez ordered debt payments temporarily stopped so he could rebuild the Mexican treasury that civil war had depleted.

The British and Spanish made quick deals and left. The French stayed. Napoleon III had decided to conquer Mexico to add to the French empire in Africa, the Far East and scattered colonies in the South Pacific. Napoleon had another motive; he detested the American democracy and wanted to destroy America. Napoleon looked forward to breaking the Union Navy blockade of the entire Confederacy. The U.S., Napoleon knew, could not blockade the 8,000-mile coastline of Mexico. Through Mexico, Napoleon could support the Confederacy with cannon, gunpowder, rifles and he could be paid with cotton.

The European tradition of winning wars by capturing a country’s capital was on Napoleon’s mind when he ordered his commander – Charles de Lorencez – to take Mexico’s capital, Mexico City – Ciudad de Mexico.

The 4000 French troops were joined by 2,000 Mexican Royalists who wanted a Mexican Empire like Mexico had in the 1820s.

The march started in Vera Cruz and went north towards Puebla de Los Angeles where the French would turn left and march through mountains as high as 17,000 feet above sea level. It was the same route taken by Spaniard Hernando Cortez when he destroyed the Aztec Empire in 1519-20. The invading Americans used the same route in 1846.

Picture depicting the events of the Battle of Puebla. Image by National Geographic

At Puebla, two Spanish-built fortresses, Loreto and Guadalupe, commanded the single way through the mountains an army could use. 

The Mexicans brought cannon and set them up in the two forts aiming down valley, the valley the French were marching up. Indians with bows and arrows arrived, some with a cattle herd. Everyone knew the French would attack the next day. They prepared as best they could when torrential rains flooded the French encampment. The Indians herded their cattle back and forth on the valley floor adding more mud to what the French would find during the attack.

The French attacked. The Mexicans covered every inch of the valley with cannon fire. When French troops attacked either fort, they were stopped by cannon and rifle fire. When the Mexican lines started to bend, hero colonel and future President Porfirio Diaz ignored his orders to “hold” and led his regiment in a massive attack driving the French back. When the fight was over, the French retreated to Vera Cruz to wait for 35,000 more troops.

The Battle of Cinco de Mayo was over. The Mexicans won. Yes, the French would come back in a year with thousands of troops and win the second battle and take Mexico City. The Mexicans held on, however, and with the help of a regiment of former Union soldiers — the American Legion of Honor — they would defeat French-sponsored Emperor Maximilian.

Porfirio Díaz. Image by britannica.com

April 30th, 1863. On that day, 65 French Foreign Legionnaires were marching along a road west of Vera Cruz when they were spotted by Mexican cavalry. The French found a walled-in hacienda and prepared to fight. They were surrounded. The battle went on for 12 hours. More Mexicans came. The 65 Legionnaires became 50, then 30, then 15, then five. They refused to surrender three times. Three survived.

France celebrates the April 30, 1863, defeat for the courage shown by dead Legionnaires. Mexico celebrates the great victory at Puebla on the 5th of May and the U.S. celebrates it also because the Mexican defeat of the French on Cinco de Mayo saved the United States of America from defeat by a pseudo-Napoleon supplied Confederacy. That is another story.

As Union General U. S. Grant observed in 1865: “The Civil War would not be over until the French were out of Mexico”.

Contreras is a veteran United States Marine, a political consultant, an author and editorialist for newspapers/magazines in the U.S., Mexico, Israel and Turkey…He hosts the Contreras Report on YouTube and Facebook.

Por Qué Celebramos “EL CINCO DE MAYO”

Los estadounidenses estaban fascinados con la Legión Extranjera Francesa y su “coraje” por el que respiraban y morían los rudos y duros legionarios extranjeros; ¿recuerdas?

Los mexicanos derrotaron a la Legión Extranjera Francesa y borraron cualquier misterio sobre el nombre de Napoleón.

José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general, politician, and later dictator who served seven terms as President of Mexico.
Image by thoughtco.com/

Sí, unos cientos de soldados veteranos mexicanos recién salidos de una guerra civil entre conservadores y liberales mexicanos derrotaron rotundamente a 4.000 soldados e infantes de marina franceses reforzados con 2.000 realistas mexicanos que querían establecer un nuevo imperio en México.

Pero lo que Hollywood romántica se desmorona cuando mexicanos y estadounidenses celebran el 5 de mayo de cada año y sumamos el 30 de abril a la celebración de dos grandes derrotas de los mexicanos del que fue descrito por los europeos como el mejor ejército de Europa de 1860.

Tropas francesas, españolas y británicas desembarcaron en enero de 1862 y ocuparon el puerto de Veracruz. Instalaron cobradores personalizados para recolectar efectivo para pagar las deudas del gobierno mexicano con bancos privados en Europa.

El Presidente Benito Juárez ordenó pagos de deuda temporalmente y se detuvo para poder reconstruir el tesoro mexicano que la guerra civil había agotado.

Los británicos y los españoles hicieron tratos rápidos y se marcharon. Los franceses se quedaron. Napoleón III había decidido conquistar México para sumarlo al imperio francés en África, el Lejano Oriente y colonias dispersas en el Pacífico Sur. Napoleón tenía otro motivo; Detestaba la democracia estadounidense y quería destruir Estados Unidos. Napoleón esperaba romper el bloqueo de la Armada de la Unión de toda la Confederación. Napoleón sabía que Estados Unidos no podía bloquear las 8.000 millas de costa de México. A través de México, Napoleón podía apoyar a la Confederación con cañones, pólvora, rifles y se le podía pagar con algodón.

La tradición europea de ganar guerras capturando la capital de un país estaba en la mente de Napoleón cuando ordenó a su comandante, Carlos de Lorencez, que tomará la capital de México, Ciudad de México.

A las 4.000 tropas francesas se unieron 2.000 realistas mexicanos que querían un Imperio mexicano como el que tenía México en la década de 1820.

La marcha comenzó en Vera Cruz y se dirigió hacia el norte, hacia Puebla de Los Ángeles, donde los franceses girarán a la izquierda y marcharían a través de montañas de hasta 17.000 pies sobre el nivel del mar. Fue la misma ruta que tomó el español Hernando Cortés cuando destruyó el Imperio Azteca en 1519-20. Los invasores estadounidenses utilizaron la misma ruta en 1846.

Picture depicting the events of the Battle of Puebla. Image by National Geographic

En Puebla, dos fortalezas construidas por los españoles, Loreto y Guadalupe, dominaban el único camino a través de las montañas que un ejército podía usar.

Los mexicanos trajeron cañones y los colocaron en los dos fuertes que apuntaban hacia el valle, el valle por el que avanzaban los franceses. Llegaron indios con arcos y flechas, algunos con un rebaño de ganado. Todo el mundo sabía que los franceses atacaron al día siguiente. Se prepararon lo mejor que pudieron cuando lluvias torrenciales inundaron el campamento francés. Los indios pastoreaba su ganado de un lado a otro por el fondo del valle, añadiendo más barro al que encontrarían los franceses durante el ataque.

Los franceses atacaron. Los mexicanos cubrieron cada centímetro del valle con cañonazos. Cuando las tropas francesas atacaron cualquiera de los fuertes, fueron detenidas por disparos de cañones y rifles. Cuando las líneas mexicanas comenzaron a doblarse, el héroe coronel y futuro presidente Porfirio Díaz ignoró sus órdenes de “aguantar” y dirigió su regimiento en un ataque masivo que hizo retroceder a los franceses. Cuando terminó la lucha, los franceses se retiraron a Vera Cruz a esperar 35.000 soldados más.

La Batalla del Cinco de Mayo había terminado. Ganaron los mexicanos. Sí, los franceses regresaron al año con miles de tropas, ganarían la segunda batalla y tomarían la Ciudad de México. Sin embargo, los mexicanos resistieron y con la ayuda de un regimiento de ex soldados de la Unión (la Legión de Honor estadounidense) derrotaron al emperador Maximiliano, patrocinado por Francia.

Porfirio Díaz. Image by britannica.com

30 de abril de 1863. Ese día 65 legionarios extranjeros franceses marchaban por un camino al oeste de Vera Cruz cuando fueron avistados por la caballería mexicana. Los franceses encontraron una hacienda amurallada y se prepararon para luchar. Estaban rodeados. La batalla duró 12 horas. Vinieron más mexicanos. Los 65 legionarios pasaron a ser 50, luego 30, luego 15 y luego cinco. Se negaron a rendirse tres veces. Tres sobrevivieron.

Francia celebra la derrota del 30 de abril de 1863 por el coraje demostrado por los legionarios muertos. México celebra la gran victoria en Puebla el 5 de mayo y Estados Unidos la celebra también porque la derrota mexicana de los franceses el Cinco de Mayo salvó a los Estados Unidos de América de la derrota ante una Confederación pseudo-Napoleónica. Esa es otra historia.

Como observó el general de la Unión U. S. Grant en 1865: “La Guerra Civil no terminaría hasta que los franceses salieran de México”

Contreras es un veterano infante de los marinos de los Estados Unidos, consultor político, autor y editorialista de periódicos y revistas en los EE. UU., México, Israel y Turquía… Presenta el Informe Contreras en YouTube y Facebook.

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