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La Nao de China

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
November 20, 2025
in Español, World Cultures
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English Below

La Nao de China es como se le llamó a la ruta comercial que iba desde el continente americano hasta el continente asiático cruzando todo el Océano Pacífico. A esta ruta también se le conoció como Galeón Manila o Galeón Acapulco, el nombre del Galeón cambiaba dependiendo de la ciudad que tenía como destino, cabe destacar, la ruta principal era Manila-Acapulco-Manila, pues, las Filipinas el punto asiático más importante y las costas del Pacífico de la Nueva España, actual México, podían variar entre el puerto de Acapulco (Guerrero), San Blás (Nayarit), Cabo San Lucas (Baja California Sur), Barra de Navidad (Jalisco), principalmente.

La ruta fue inaugurada en 1565 por el marinero y fraile español Andrés de Urdaneta, tras descubrir el tornaviaje o ruta de regreso a Nueva España a través del océano Pacífico, gracias a la corriente de Kuroshio de dirección este hacia América. La ruta fue navegada y se mantuvo por 260 años, hasta que en 1815 zarpó el último barco desde Manila rumbo a Acapulco. 

La Nao de China era una ruta navegada por diferentes barcos y naves, así como diferentes países, sobre todo España y Portugal; no obstante, también barcos Neerlandeses e Ingleses, quienes generalmente eran también liderados por corsarios y piratas que secuestraban las naves españolas, razón que hizo que España no revelara cuál era el punto de partida, sino sólo Manila como punto de referencia. 

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Así, los navegantes del siglo XVI se distinguían por su curiosidad y gusto por explorar mares y territorios. 

La Nao de China tenía gran impacto comercial, pues movía las mercancías necesarias para los colonizadores y conquistadores, princiálmente plata y otros minerales, así como otras mercancías como telas y especias. 

Sin embargo, tuvo un impacto propio de los intercambios sociales, el impacto cultural, la influencia. Así, a la fecha vemos la influencia asiática en las costas del Pacífico mexicano, como la influencia mexicana en Manila. 

La Nao de China tuvo tanta importancia que aunque cerró la ruta a principios del siglo XIX, en el siglo XX el dueto Bandeño utilizó la referencia para narrar los acontecimientos trágicos de 1986 en el puerto de Acapulco en Guerrero. 

Asimismo, La Nao de China es un referente de la identidad acapulqueña, lo que ha impulsado el desarrollo del festival cultural La Nao de China, que ha servido para ampliar y actualizar el registro iconográfico y crítico de las expresiones tanto culturales como artísticas de todo el estado de Guerrero. Festival que tuvo su realización la semana pasada y que se realiza año con año entre la segunda y tercera semana de noviembre. 

Incluso este mismo 2025 se estrenó el documental experimental Miraba caer las gotas iluminadas por los relámpagos, y cada que respiraba suspiraba, y cada vez que pensaba, pensaba en ti, en el que se pueden observar las vidas contemporáneas mientras se intercalan con diálogos que remiten a las cartas enviadas a la familia de uno o varios tripulantes de las embarcaciones que cruzaban el Pacífico en el Galeón Manila, Galeón Acapulco. 

The Manila Galleon was the name given to the trade route that traveled from the Americas to Asia, crossing the entire Pacific Ocean. This route was also known as the Manila Galleon or the Acapulco Galleon; the galleon’s name changed depending on its destination. The main route was Manila-Acapulco-Manila, as the Philippines, the most important Asian point, and the Pacific coast of New Spain (present-day Mexico) could be accessed from various ports, including Acapulco (Guerrero), San Blas (Nayarit), Cabo San Lucas (Baja California Sur), and Barra de Navidad (Jalisco).

The route was inaugurated in 1565 by the Spanish sailor and friar Andrés de Urdaneta, after discovering the return route to New Spain across the Pacific Ocean, thanks to the Kuroshio Current, which flows eastward toward the Americas. The route was navigated and maintained for 260 years, until the last ship sailed from Manila to Acapulco in 1815.

The Manila Galleon was a route navigated by different ships and vessels from different countries, especially Spain and Portugal; however, Dutch and English ships also sailed it, often led by privateers and pirates who would capture Spanish ships. This is why Spain did not reveal the point of departure, only Manila as a reference point.

Thus, 16th-century navigators were distinguished by their curiosity and desire to explore seas and territories.

The Manila Galleon had a significant commercial impact, as it transported the goods needed by the colonizers and conquerors, mainly silver and other minerals, as well as other goods such as textiles and spices.

However, it also had a unique impact in terms of social exchange, cultural influence, and other forms of exchange. Thus, to this day we see Asian influence on the Mexican Pacific coast, just as we see Mexican influence in Manila.

The Manila Galleon was so important that even though it closed its route at the beginning of the 19th century, in the 20th century the duo Bandeño used it as a reference to narrate the tragic events of 1986 in the port of Acapulco, Guerrero.

Likewise, the Manila Galleon is a symbol of Acapulco’s identity, which has driven the development of the Manila Galleon Cultural Festival. This festival has served to expand and update the iconographic and critical record of the cultural and artistic expressions of the entire state of Guerrero. The festival, which took place last week, is held annually between the second and third weeks of November. Even this same year, 2025, the experimental documentary “I watched the drops fall illuminated by lightning, and every time I breathed I sighed, and every time I thought, I thought of you” premiered, in which contemporary lives can be observed while they are interspersed with dialogues that refer to the letters sent to the family of one or more crew members of the ships that crossed the Pacific in the Manila Galleon, Acapulco Galleon.

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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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