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Triquis: The Worshipers from Oaxaca

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
December 4, 2025
in Español, World Cultures
Reading Time: 10 mins read
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The nominative Triqui is a deformation of the word driqui, from the Triqui language, composed of Dri, derived from dre: father, and qui: great or superior. The Triqui region comprises a lowland area, whose main town is San Juan Copala, and a highland area, with its main town in San Andrés Chicahuaxtla.

The main festivities are those dedicated to the patron saint of the community.

Triqui women are known for their creative and artisanal skill in making clothing, primarily on backstrap looms and horizontal four-stake looms, also called malacates; they also make shirts and sashes, weave palm hats and baskets, which they use for themselves.

The Triqui people have actively participated in two historical movements in Mexico: The Caste War (1822-1865) and the Revolution (1910-1919).

San Andrés Chicahuaxtla and San Juan Copala lost their status as municipalities in 1940 and 1948, respectively. San Martín Itunyoso is the only Triqui municipality that still exists.

The migration of the Triqui people, from both the lowlands and highlands, is not only due to political and social conflicts, but also to a lack of educational and employment opportunities.

They have migrated to the agricultural fields of Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, and Cuautla, Morelos. Many others have gone to large cities such as Mexico City, the State of Mexico, and Oaxaca City, among other Mexican states. But Triqui migration doesn’t remain within Mexico, as many have crossed the northern border into the United States or Canada.

After the arrival of Europeans, the Triqui adopted Catholicism. However, they have undergone a syncretic process, preserving the religion of their ancestors. From their traditional religion, they maintain the worship of nature, astronomical phenomena, and the stars, their religion being a syncretism between shamanic-animistic practices and Christianity.

They believe in the existence of good and evil gods. Some of the good gods are the god of the earth, called Naac Shishec; Naac Yahui, the god of the moon; Naac Naac, the name of the sun god; and Naac Cunmá, the god of water.

Among the evil gods are the god of death (Naac-Nimá) and the underworld (Naac Chunguy). All these gods have a father named Nexquiriaco, their creator, who is respected and venerated by the ethnic community.

They celebrate the day of their patron saint, the Day of the Dead, Holy Week, the Virgin of Guadalupe, Easter, among others.

Triqui Food

Their cuisine is based on the preparation of rich traditional dishes such as roasted venison, beef chilatas, enchiladas, chileatoles, and the traditional tepache made with sugarcane. From gathering, they obtained sweet potatoes, wild herbs and fruits, quelites (edible greens), edible mushrooms, and wild fruits such as capulines (Mexican cherry blossoms) and blackberries. Animals and insects, such as giant ants called chicatanas, obtained through hunting, are also part of their daily diet. They prepare tamales, salsas, and pozole with special aromatic herbs. They also eat lobsters. Today, the Triqui people continue to maintain their traditional dishes in their daily diet, enriching them with some processed foods. The most traditional food of the Triquis:

“Hniín gànè-e”. ‘Pozole’. The triqui style pozole is a pozole with corn kernels cooked without juice and bathed with a sauce similar to a corn atole and dried chilies.

“Nneè txrùnj-un”. ‘Slow Cooked Meat’. The meat is cooked in an underground oven, covered with maguey leaves and a layer of soil is placed on top.

“Diyaan-an.” ‘Enchilada’. It is a type of enchilada bathed in red sauce generally.

“Runee nayúun kinj-in.” ‘Beans with dough’. They are boiled beans and later the dough and dried chilli sauce

is added.

“Txra natah yahaj.” ‘Omelette muddy with sauce’. The tortilla is smeared with a special sauce made exclusively with dried chili peppers without any other seasoning. It is accompanied with some boiled eggs. This meal is exclusively for women who have just given birth.

Triqui Legend of the Devil’s Sink

According to the elders, many years ago there lived a newlywed couple. The wife was very beautiful, while the husband was a hardworking man, though, he was very poor. 

Before marrying, the woman already had a very rich lover, so she never loved her husband, because, the woman’s greatest desire was to marry her rich lover. 

One day, she got tired of living with the poor man, the woman invited him for a walk along the banks of the Devil’s Sink. Upon arriving, the woman told her husband to look down the sinkhole, and while he was looking at the bottom, she pushed him in. That is how the woman married her lover, believing her first husband had died, and a grand wedding was celebrated. The woman’s first husband remained inside the sinkhole for seven years, thanks to the help of a crow that dropped an ear of corn for him to survive. He ate a kernel of corn each day so he wouldn’t go hungry and quenched his thirst with water from the river that flowed inside the sinkhole.

One day, a feathered serpent descended into the sinkhole and saw a very sad man. She asked him what he was doing there, and he told her his whole story of how he got there and his unhappy life. The serpent took pity on him and said, “Don’t be afraid, good man, I will get you out of here. Hold on to my tail tightly so you can get to the outside.”

When he emerged, the feathered serpent said to him, “I will shake myself, and my feathers will fall out. Gather them and sell them so you can become a very rich man.” He did as he was told; he gathered all the feathers, sold them, and became a very rich man, thanks to the beautiful feathers of the feathered serpent.

When his wife saw him, she was surprised; but he no longer wanted to be with her and married another woman who treated him well, and with whom he was very happy.

Triquis de Oaxaca

El nominativo triqui es una deformación del vocablo driqui, de la lengua triqui, compuesto por dri, derivado de dre: padre, y qui: grande o superior. La región triqui comprende una zona baja, cuya cabecera es San Juan Copala, y una alta, con cabecera en San Andrés Chicahuaxtla.

Las festividades principales son las dedicadas al santo patrono de la comunidad.

Las mujeres triquis son conocidas por su habilidad creativa y artesanal en la elaboración de ropa, principalmente en telar de cintura y en telar horizontal de cuatro estacas, también llamado malacate; también confeccionan camisas y fajas, tejen sombreros de palma y cestos, que destinan al uso personal.

Los triquis han participado activamente en dos movimientos históricos de México: La lucha de Castas (1822-1865) y la Revolución (1910-1919).

San Andrés Chicahuaxtla y San Juan Copala perdieron la categoría de municipios en 1940 y 1948 respectivamente; San Martín Itunyoso es el único municipio triqui que aún existe.

La migración de los triquis, tanto de la zona baja como de la zona alta, no sólo es por los conflictos políticos y sociales, sino también por la falta de oportunidades de estudios y trabajo. 

Han emigrado a los campos agrícolas de Sonora, Sinaloa, Baja California, Cuautla Morelos. Otros tantos a las grandes urbes como la Ciudad de México, el Estado de México, la Ciudad de Oaxaca, entre otos estados mexicanos. Mas la migración Triqui no queda en México, pues muchos han cruzado la frontera norte hacia los Estados Unidos de América o Canadá.

Tras la llegada de los europeos, los Triquis adoptaron la religión católica. Sin embargo, han vivido un proceso sincrético, pues conservan la religión de sus ancestros. De su religión tradicional, preservan la adoración a la naturaleza, los fenómenos astronómicos y las estrellas, siendo su religión un sincretismo entre las prácticas chamánicas – animistas y la religión cristiana.

Creen en la existencia de dioses buenos y malos. Algunos de Los dioses buenos son el Dios de la tierra, llamado Naac Shishec; Naac Yahui, el Dios de la Luna; Naac Naac el nombre del dios del sol y Naac Cunmá, el del agua. 

Dentro de los dioses malos está el de la muerte (Naac-Nimá) e infierno (Naac Chunguy). Todos estos dioses poseen un padre llamado Nexquiriaco, su creador, quien goza de respeto y veneración de la comunidad étnica. 

Celebran el día de su santo patrono, el día de los muertos, Semana Santa, Virgen de Guadalupe, la Pascua, entre otras.

Comida Triqui

Su gastronomía se basa en la preparación de ricos platos tradicionales como ciervos asados, chilatas de res, enchiladas, chileatoles y los tradicionales tepaches con caña de azúcar. De la recolección obtenían patatas dulces, hierbas y frutas salva jes, quelites, setas comestibles, frutas silvestres como capulines y moras. También forman parte de la dieta diaria animales e insectos como las hormigas gigantes llamadas chicatanas” obtenidas de la caza.

Preparan tamales, salsas y pozoles con hierbas de olor especiales. También comen langostas. En la actualidad, los Triqui siguen manteniendo sus platos tradicionales en la dieta diaria, enriqueciéndolos con parte de los alimentos industrializados.

Los platillos más tradicionales de los Triquis:

“Hniín gànè-e”. ‘Pozole’. El pozole estilo triqui, es un pozole con granos de maíz cocidos sin jugo y bañados con salsa similar a un atole de maíz y chiles secos.

“Nneè txrùnj-un”. ‘Barbacoa’. La carne es cocida en un horno bajo tierra, cubierta con pencas de Maguey y al final se coloca una capa de tierra.

“Diyaan-an”. ‘Enchilada’. Es un tipo de enchilada bañada en salsa roja generalmente.

“Runee nayúun kinj-in”. ‘Frijol con masa’. Son frijoles hervidos y posteriormente es agregada la masa y salsa de chiles secos.

Leyenda Triqui del Sumidero del Diablo

Según cuentan los ancianos; hace muchos años vivía un matrimonio de recién casados, la esposa era muy bonita en cambio el esposo era un hombre trabajador, pero era muy pobre. 

Antes de casarse la mujer ya tenía un amante muy rico, por lo que nunca quiso a su esposo. El mayor deseo de la mujer era poder casarse con su amante. 

Un día la mujer cansada ya de vivir con el hombre pobre, lo invitó a dar un paseo en las orillas del sumidero del diablo, al llegar la mujer le dijo a su esposo que mirara abajo del pozo, y mientras él observaba el fondo del pozo, la mujer lo empujó hacia el interior. 

Así fue cómo la mujer se casó con su amante pensando que su primer esposo había muerto, y se celebró una gran boda.

El primer esposo de la mujer permaneció en el interior del sumidero durante siete años gracias a la ayuda de un cuervo que desde arriba le dejaba caer una mazorca para que pudiera sobrevivir, él se comía un granito de maíz cada día para que no le faltara alimento y se saciaba su sed con el agua del río que pasaba en el interior del sumidero. 

Un día, una serpiente emplumada bajó en el interior del sumidero y vio un hombre muy triste y le preguntó qué hacía ahí, él le contó toda su historia sobre cómo llegó ahí 

y su infeliz vida, la serpiente se compadeció de él y le dijo: “No temas buen hombre, yo te sacaré de aquí, agárrate de mí cola con fuerza para que puedas salir al exterior”. 

Al salir, la serpiente emplumada le dijo: “me sacudiré y mis plumas se caerán, recógelas y véndelas para que seas un hombre muy rico”. Él así lo hizo, recogió todas las plumas los vendió y se volvió un hombre muy rico, gracias a las bellas plumas de la serpiente emplumada. 

Cuando la esposa lo miró, se sorprendió; pero él ya no quiso estar con ella y se casó con otra mujer que lo trataba bien, y con la que fue muy feliz.

Tags: Mexico
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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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