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Basilica of Saint Mary Major, Vatican City

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
April 24, 2025
in Español, World Cultures
Reading Time: 6 mins read
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Vatican City

Vatican City is the smallest country in the world and one of the most influential because it is the center of the Roman Catholic Church, which is why it is known as the Holy See.

Vatican City is located in Rome, Italy, and was founded on February 11, 1929.

The Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church, is located here. It is in this same palace that the Sistine Chapel is located, known for its murals by the artist Michelangelo.

The foundation stone of St. Peter’s Basilica, one of the most important pilgrimage sites and one of the largest buildings in the world, was laid in 1506. However, it wasn’t until 1512 that Michelangelo’s paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel were completed and displayed to the public for the first time. St. Peter’s Basilica, the largest church in the world, was built in 1626.

And in 1929, the Lateran Treaty was signed between Pope Pius XI and Italian leader Benito Mussolini, declaring Vatican City an independent state, making it the smallest country in the world.



Basilica of Saint Mary Major

Every year on August 5th, the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major, also known as Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Italian, dresses up to commemorate the Miracle of the Snow. Hence, it is also known as Basilica di Santa Maria della Neve. It is located atop the Esquiline Hill in Rome, Italy.

It was founded in the mid-4th century at the request of the Virgin Mary herself, who appeared in a dream to the patrician John and Pope Liberius, asking them to build her house in a place where she would perform a miracle. Thus, on the morning of August 5th, 358, snow fell on the top of the Esquiline Hill, the highest hill in Rome, where they found snow, instructing Pope Liberius to build the Basilica. It is traditional that during the celebrations commemorating the miracle of the snow in the basilica, a cascade of white petals is allowed to descend during the liturgy, resembling the miracle of sixteen centuries ago.

The relic of the Holy Cradle, the manger in which the baby Jesus was laid, is housed in the Basilica of Saint Mary Major. For this reason, the Basilica can be considered the “Bethlehem of the West,” the original representation of where Jesus Christ, son of the Virgin Mary, was born. It is here that Christmas Eve Mass was first celebrated. However, this is not the only relic found here; the remains of Saint Matthias and Saint Jerome were also placed there.

The Basilica of Saint Mary Major is also known as the cradle of artistic civilization because it is here that the most important Marian icon is housed, the Salus Populi Romani, the painting that portrays the Virgin Mary with Jesus as an infant. Tradition attributes the image to Saint Luke, evangelist and patron saint of painters.

Seven Popes are buried in the Basilica, including Pope Francis, who died last Monday, April 21st of this year, at 7:35 a.m. in the Vatican. Pope Francis was born in Argentina in 1937, the first Latin American Pope.

Basílica de Santa María La Mayor, Vaticano

Ciudad del Vaticano

La Ciudad del Vaticano, es el país más pequeño del mundo y uno de los más influyentes debido a que es aquí donde se encuentra el Centro de la Iglesia Católica Romana, por ello es conocido como la Santa Cede es donde. 

La Ciudad del Vaticano se encuentra en Roma Italia y fue fundada el 11 de febrero de 1929. 

Es aquí mismo se ubica el Palacio Apostólico, residencia oficial del Papa, líder espiritual de la Iglesia Romana Católica, es en este mismo palacio donde se encuentra a Capilla Sixtina, conocida por sus murales realizados por el artista Miguel Ángel, Michelangelo.

Fue en 1506 cuando se colocó la piedra fundacional de la Basílica de San Pedro, uno de los lugares de peregrinación más importantes y uno de los edificios más grandes del mundo. No obstante, no fue sino hasta 1512 cuando se completaron las pinturas de Miguel Ángel en el techo de la Capilla Sixtina y se exponen al público por primera vez.

En 1626 se construyó la Basílica de San Pedro, la cual es la mayor iglesia del mundo.

Y en 1929 se firmó el Tratado de Letrán entre el Papa Pío XI y el líder italiano Benito Mussolini, por el que se declara a la Ciudad del Vaticano como un Estado independiente que se convierte en el país más pequeño del mundo.



Basílica de Santa María La Mayor, Vaticano

Año con año el 5 de agosto la Basílica Papal de Santa María La Mayor, en italiano Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, se viste de gala para conmemorar el Milagro de la Nieve, de aquí que se la conozca también como Basilica di Santa Maria della Neve. Se encuentra ubicada en la cima del monte Esquilino, en Roma, Italia. 

Fue fundada a mediados del siglo IV, a petición de la mismísima virgen quien en sueños se la apareció al patricio Juan y al Papa Liberio pidiéndoles que le construyeran su casa en un lugar en el mostraría un milagro, así en la mañana del 5 de agosto del año 358 cayó nieve sobre la cima del monte Esquilino, el más alto de las colinas de Roma, donde encontraron la nieve, llevando por instrucción la construcción de la Basílica a cargo del Papa Liberio. Es tradición que para las celebraciones en conmemoración al milagro de la nieve en la basílica, durante la liturgia se deje descender una cascada de pétalos blancos semejando el milagro de hace dieciséis siglos. 

Es en la Basílica de Santa María La Mayor donde se encuentra la reliquia de la Sagrada Cuna, es decir, el pesebre en el que fue depositado el niño Jesús, por esta razón a la Basílica se la puede considerar como la “Belén de Occidente”, en representación original de donde nació Jesucristo, hijo de la Virgen María. Es aquí donde se celebró por primera ocasión la misa de Nochebuena. Mas, no es esta la única reliquia que se encuentra aquí, pues también fueron colocados los restos de San Matías y San Jerónimo.

A la Basílica de Santa María La Mayor se la conoce también como la cuna de la civilización artística, debido a que es aquí donde se alberga el icono mariano más importante, la Salus Populi Romani, la pintura en que se retrata a la Virgen con Jesús siendo apenas un infante. La tradición atribuye la imagen a San Lucas, evangelista y patrón de los pintores. 

En la Basílica están enterrados sietes Papas a los que se les suma el Papa Francisco, quien falleció el pasado lunes 21 de abril del presente año, a las 7:35 de la mañana en el Vaticano. El Papa Francisco nació en Argentina en 1937, el primer Papa Latinoamericano. 

Tags: Catholic Church
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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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