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Loss of 1.7 Million Immigrants Fuels U.S. Labor Shortages and Inflation

EL CENTRAL by EL CENTRAL
October 21, 2022
in Community, Español
Reading Time: 10 mins read
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By Jenny Manrique, Ethnic Media Services

Español Abajo

Close to 15% of job openings that employ immigrant or foreign-born workers in the
U.S. are still vacant, while the legal immigration system is in dire straits. From meat packing to home building to STEM professionals to nurses, the post- pandemic economy is reeling from a labor force decimated by restrictive immigration policies, which worsened under Donald Trump’s administration.

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“From the middle of 2019 until the end of 2021, there has been essentially zero net immigration to the U.S,” said Giovanni Peri, Ph.D. Professor of Economics and Founder and Director of the UC Davis Global Migration Center, citing US Bureau census data.

“Although in late 2021 and early 2022 these numbers started growing again, the fact that the inflow of immigrants stopped made the country lose more than 1.7 million (immigrants),” added Peri, noting that 900,000 of them would have been college educated who work in the STEM sector – doctors, computer scientists, biomedical engineers, bio experts — and 800,000 would have been non-college educated concentrated in sectors such as food, hospitality, elderly and child care. “We are talking about the 1.1% of the US labor force,” Peri added.

Peri spoke during a media briefing on 8/26/22 hosted by Ethnic Media Services that sounded the alarm over how the lack of immigrants is hurting the economy. Meanwhile, public discussion focuses on an estimated 2 million border crossings for the fiscal year.

The halting of immigration coincides with more and more US citizens opting to work from home in online jobs, and people in their 50s and 60s opting for early retirement. When companies are struggling to hire people, wages go up and the rising cost of labor translates into inflation, Peri explained.

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics in July 2022, there were 10 million unfilled jobs in the US. Before COVID, in a similar period, that figure was 6 million. Experts agree that there should be a government effort to make the H1B visa program (sponsored by employers) stronger and more inclusive for all sectors, while addressing the monstrous backlog in green cards and asylum claims.

“In the past six or seven years we have seen tremendous delays in the immigration processes across the country, both in the courts and also through the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS),” said Gregory Z. Chen, Senior Director of Government Relations at the American Immigration Lawyers Association. Chen noted that when President Barack Obama left office, there were about 500,000 immigration cases in the backlog compared to 1.4 million cases during the Trump administration.

“As of today we have about 1.6 million cases that are waiting to be heard, (each one) typically takes four to six years now,” Chen said. “Many businesses can’t wait to be operational.”

Meanwhile, the Automated Export System (AES), the agency in charge of processing work permits, has increased its processing times from 180 days to up to seven months.

These backlogs can be fixed through a comprehensive immigration reform. Although almost 70% of Americans are in favor of it, there has been no appetite in a polarized Congress to ease restrictions for even legal immigrants.

Chen highlighted how President Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act -recently signed into law- originally included provisions to legalize unauthorized immigrants, a provision that had to be abandoned to gain bipartisan support.

“The concern about the benefits immigration provides to the country and the economy has been subsumed by the idea that it’s related to border national security issues,” said Chen, who doesn’t see a major immigration reform bill happening even in 2023.

For Julie Collins, perfusionist and Program Director Department of Cardiopulmonary Sciences in the College of Health Sciences at Rush University, one field where the absence of immigrants is acutely felt is medical care.

Working on the COVID floor of her hospital for two years, Collins saw firsthand the impact of the critical shortage of nursing professionals.

“I was helping to cover shifts and I saw how burnt out nurses were becoming taking care of patients in COVID units,” she said. “As COVID began slowing down, nurses sought early retirement, some of them changed professions, and some even died of COVID. This left us with fewer nurses to fill the open positions in our units.”

Although COVID floors have been essentially shut down, hospitals are short staffed and one-on-one patient care is over, she said. “Oftentimes nurses are caring for multiple patients, which is increasing their chances of creating errors and causing emotional distress,”

There are close to 194,000 open positions for nurses, and not enough US nurses to fill them. Since the 80s, when hospitals were understaffed, nurses from other countries have filled these roles. But today, annually, H1B visas are limited to 140,000
and family-sponsored visas are limited to 226,000.

“I am seeing how tired and exhausted the nurses are and how frustrated they feel like their voices aren’t being heard,” Collins said.” If hospitals come up with a system so that they could keep bringing in (immigrant) nurses, they wouldn’t have problems filling their open positions,” she concluded.


La pérdida de 1,7 millones de inmigrantes alimenta la escasez de mano de obra y la inflación en EE. UU.

Por: Jenny Manrique, Ethnic Media Services

Cerca del 15% de las ofertas de trabajo que emplean a trabajadores inmigrantes o nacidos en el extranjero en los EE. UU. todavía están vacantes, mientras que el sistema de inmigración legal se encuentra en aprietos. Desde el empaque de carne hasta la construcción de viviendas, pasando por los profesionales de STEM y las enfermeras, la economía posterior a la pandemia se tambalea por una fuerza laboral diezmada por políticas de inmigración restrictivas, que empeoraron bajo la administración de Donald Trump.

“Desde mediados de 2019 hasta finales de 2021, prácticamente no ha habido inmigración neta en los EE. UU.”, dijo Giovanni Peri, Ph.D. profesor de economía y fundador y director del Centro de Migración Global de UC Davis, citando datos del censo de la Oficina de EE. UU.

“Aunque a finales de 2021 y principios de 2022 estas cifras volvieron a crecer, el hecho de que se detuviera la entrada de inmigrantes, hizo que el país perdiera más de 1,7 millones (de inmigrantes)”, agregó Peri y señaló que 900.000 de ellos habrían sido universitarios trabajadores del sector STEM -médicos, informáticos, ingenieros biomédicos, bioexpertos-, y 800.000 habrían sido no universitarios concentrados en sectores como alimentación, hostelería, y el cuidado de niños y tercera edad. “Estamos hablando del 1,1% de la fuerza laboral estadounidense”, agregó Peri.

Peri habló durante una rueda de prensa el 26/8/22 organizada por Ethnic Media Services que hizo sonar la alarma sobre cómo la falta de inmigrantes está perjudicando la economía. Mientras tanto, la discusión pública se centra en un estimado de 2 millones de cruces fronterizos estimados para el añofiscal.

La reducción de la inmigración coincide con más y más ciudadanos estadounidenses que optan por trabajar desde casa en trabajos en línea, y personas de 50 y 60 años que optan por la jubilación anticipada. Cuando las empresas luchan por contratar personal, los salarios suben y el aumento del costo de la mano de obra se traduce en inflación, explicó Peri.

Según la Oficina de Estadísticas Laborales, en julio de 2022 había 10 millones de puestos de trabajo vacantes en EE.UU. Antes del COVID, en un periodo similar, esa cifra era de 6 millones.

Los expertos están de acuerdo en que debe haber un esfuerzo del gobierno para hacer que el programa de visas H1B (patrocinado por los empleadores) sea más fuerte e inclusivo para todos los sectores, al mismo tiempo que se aborda la monstruosa acumulación de solicitud de tarjetas verdes y de asilo.

“En los últimos seis o siete años hemos visto tremendos retrasos en los procesos de inmigración en todo el país, tanto en los tribunales como a través de los Servicios de Ciudadanía e Inmigración de los Estados Unidos (USCIS)”, dijo Gregory Z. Chen, director sénior de relaciones gubernamentales en la Asociación Estadounidense de Abogados de Inmigración. Chen señaló que cuando el presidente Barack Obama dejó el cargo, había alrededor de 500.000 casos de inmigración atrasados en comparación con 1,4 millones de casos durante la administración Trump.

“Al día de hoy tenemos alrededor de 1,6 millones de casos que esperan ser escuchados, (cada uno) por lo general toma de cuatro a seis años”, agregó Chen. “Muchas empresas están ansiosas por operar”.

En tanto, el Sistema Automatizado de Exportaciones (AES), organismo encargado de tramitar los permisos de trabajo, también incrementó sus tiempos de trámite de 180 días a hasta siete meses.

Estos retrasos pueden solucionarse a través de una reforma migratoria integral. Aunque casi el 70% de los estadounidenses está a favor, no ha habido apetito en un Congreso polarizado para aliviar las restricciones incluso para los inmigrantes legales.

Chen destacó como la Ley de Reducción de la Inflación del presidente Joe Biden -recientemente promulgada- originalmente incluía disposiciones para legalizar a los inmigrantes no autorizados, una disposición que tuvo que ser abandonada para obtener el apoyo bipartidista.

“La realidad sobre lo que la inmigración representa como un beneficio para el país y la economía, a menudo se ha invisibilizado por la idea de que está relacionada con problemas de seguridad nacional fronteriza”, dijo Chen, quien no ve un proyecto de ley de reforma migratoria venidero ni siquiera en 2023.

Para Julie Collins, perfusionista y directora del programa del Departamento de Ciencias Cardiopulmonares de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Rush, un campo en el que la ausencia de inmigrantes se siente con fuerza es la atención médica.

Collins trabajó en el piso de COVID de su hospital durante dos años y vio de primera mano el impacto de la escasez crítica de profesionales de enfermería.

“Estaba ayudando a cubrir los turnos y vi cómo las enfermeras se estaban desgastando al cuidar a los pacientes en las unidades de COVID”, dijo. “A medida que COVID comenzó a mermar, las enfermeras buscaron la jubilación anticipada, algunas cambiaron de profesión y algunas incluso murieron de COVID. Esto nos dejó con menos enfermeras para cubrir los puestos vacantes en nuestras unidades”.

Aunque los pisos de COVID se han cerrado, los hospitales tienen poco personal y la atención personalizada de los pacientes ha terminado, dijo. “A menudo, las enfermeras atienden a múltiples pacientes, lo que aumenta sus posibilidades de cometer errores y causar angustia emocional”, dijo Collins.

Hay cerca de 194.000 puestos vacantes para enfermeras y no hay suficientes enfermeras estadounidenses para cubrirlos. Desde los años 80, cuando los hospitales no tenían suficiente personal, enfermeras de otros países han ocupado estos puestos. Pero hoy, anualmente, las visas H1B están limitadas a 140,000 y las visas patrocinadas por familiares están limitadas a 226,000.

“Veo lo cansadas y agotadas que están las enfermeras y lo frustradas que se sienten porque no se escuchan sus voces”,
dijo Collins. “Si los hospitales pusieran un sistema para que pudieran seguir trayendo enfermeras (inmigrantes), no tendrían problemas para llenar los puestos vacantes”, concluyó.

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