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Lotería Mexicana

EL CENTRAL by EL CENTRAL
January 12, 2023
in Culture & Arts
Reading Time: 8 mins read
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English Below

La lotería mexicana es un juego de azar parecido al bingo, pero en lugar de números, se utilizan figuras. Está compuesta de 54 cartas, que a su vez se acomodan de manera aleatoria en las tablas compuestas por 16 figuras en un orden de 4 x 4. El objetivo del juego es cruzar las figuras que vayan saliendo hasta llenar la carta.

Las 54 cartas de lotería mexicana fueron elegidas pensando en su significado, cada una de ellas tiene ya sea una cosa o personaje popular para la cultura mexicana.

Se cree que los orígenes de la lotería se encuentran en la Italia del siglo XV. En ese entonces existía un juego llamado lotto, que consistía en elegir cinco números y ganaba quien predecía correctamente los números ganadores. Este juego eventualmente llegaría a España, y posteriormente a México para finales del siglo XVIII, popularizándose entre los soldados que luchaban en la guerra de Independencia, quienes llevaron la tradición a sus lugares de origen una vez terminado el conflicto armado. Aunque la lotería se volvió muy popular en las ferias ambulantes del país, no había una versión consolidada del juego. Era común que las personas crearan sus propias versiones con una variedad de objetos y personajes basadas en el gusto personal del artista o de la familia. De hecho, el grabador e ilustrador mexicano José Guadalupe Posada también creó una versión de la lotería, que incluía dos personajes especiales: el perverso y la seductora.

Aun así, el juego tal y como lo conocemos hoy se lo debemos a Clemente Jacques. Este empresario francés comenzó a comercializar su versión coleccionade la lotería a finales del siglo XIX. Esta versión rápidamente ganó popularidad entre los mexicanos de la época, hasta que el juego (y la
iconografía que la acompaña) se convirtió en el canon. Sin embargo, existe otra versión muy popular conocida como la “lotería del comal”. En ella, algunas imágenes son reemplazadas por objetos relacionados con la gastronomía tradicional mexicana, como el comal, el molcajete, la olla y los jarritos.


Actualmente, no sólo existe la lotería tradicional mexicana, sino que en tiendas se pueden encontrar loterías temáticas ya sea sobre bicicletas, ciudades, despedidas de soltera, baby shower, entre otros temas específicos, como podría ser la lotería del Mexican Town, la lotería de Detroit, entre otros temas que pueden recordarnos cosas que nos representan.
El juego requiere un mínimo de 3 jugadores, con el afán de que uno de los jugadores cumpla la función del gritón, quien canta las cartas. No obstante, con las ventajas de la tecnología, se puede descargar en el celular alguna aplicación de la lotería mexicana para que cante las figuras, facilitando que uno o dos jugadores pueda jugar entre sí.
Para comenzar a jugar, se escoge la carta con la que se desea jugar, ya sea una o dos, y se reciben los frijoles o corcholatas para cubrir las figuras que se vayan cantando. Una vez escogidas las cartas y recibidos los frijoles, se establece un precio para cada carta, por ejemplo 25¢ y se paga este quarter en cada canastilla. Para iniciar las tiradas se ponen al centro cada una de las canastillas: la de chorro (4 figuras corridas ya sea en línea o en diagonal), cuatro esquinas (4 figuras una de cada esquina), centro (4 figuras del centro) y llenas (toda la carta). Cada vez que se complete, se gana el monto de la canastilla.

El mazo se compone por las cincuenta y cuatro cartas, y el gritón debe sacar cada tirada de tres cartas. Las cartas se sacan una de la parte de arriba del mazo, otra de la parte de hasta abajo, y otra del medio, buscando que todas las cartas de manera aleatoria tengan igual probabilidad de salir. Para comenzar la tirada se dice: “Se va y se corre con la dama, el diablito y la sirena…”.

Posteriormente, sigue cantando de tres en tres cartas por tirada y no se deben repetir. 

Una vez iniciada la tirada, aquel jugador que logre ya sea chorro, cuatro esquinas, centro o llena, debe gritar para solicitar el premio que se juntó en la canastilla correspondiente.

Las figuras que componen la Lotería Mexicana, son las siguientes:

El gallo
El diablito
La dama
El catrín
El paraguas
La sirena
La escalera
La botella
El barril
El árbol
El melón
El valiente
El gorrito
La muerte
La pera
La bandera
El bandolón
El violoncello
El pino
El pescado
La palma
La maceta
El arpa

La garza

La rana 

 

El pájaro
La mano
La bota
La luna
El cotorro
El borracho
El carpintero
El corazón
La sandía
El tambor
El camarón
Las jaras
El músico
La araña
El soldado
La estrella
El cazo
El mundo
El apache
El nopal
El alacrán
La rosa
La calavera
La campana
El cantarito
El venado
El sol
La corona
La chalupa

The Mexican lottery is a game of chance similar to bingo, but instead of numbers, figures are used.

It is made up of 54 cards, which in turn are arranged randomly in tables made up of 16 figures in a 4 x 4 order. The objective of the game is to cross the figures that appear until the table is filled.

The 54 Mexican lottery cards were chosen thinking about their meaning, each of them has either a popular thing or character for Mexican culture.

The origins of the lottery are believed to be in 15th century Italy. At that time there was a game called lotto, which consisted of choosing five numbers and whoever correctly predicted the winning numbers would win. This game would eventually reach Spain, and later Mexico at the end of the 18th century, becoming popular among the soldiers fighting in the War of Independence, and after, when the fighting soldiers took the tradition to their places of origin once the armed
conflict ended.

Although the lottery became very popular at country fairgrounds, there was no consolidated version of the game. It was common for people to create their own versions with a variety of objects and characters based on the artist's or family's personal taste. In fact, the Mexican engraver and illustrator José Guadalupe Posada also created a version of the lottery, which featured two special characters: the perverse and the seductive.

The game as we know it today, we owe it to Clemente Jacques. This French businessman began marketing his collected version of the lottery at the end of the 19th century. This version quickly gained popularity among the Mexicans of the time, until the game (and its accompanying iconography) became canon. However, there is another very popular version such as the lotería del comal. In it, some images are replaced by objects related to traditional Mexican gastronomy,
such as the comal, the molcajete, the pot and the jarritos.

Currently, there is not only the traditional Mexican lottery, but in some stores you can find themed lotteries, whether they are about bicycles, cities, bachelorette parties, baby showers, among other specific topics.

The game requires a minimum of 3 players, with the desire that one of the players fulfills the function of the shout, who sings the cards. However, with the advantages of technology, a Mexican lottery application can be downloaded to the cell phone so that it sings the figures, making it easier for one or two players to play by themselves or against each other.

To start playing, you choose the table with which you want, either one or two, and you receive the beans or corcholatas to cover the figures that are being sung. Once the tables have been chosen and the beans have been received, a price is established for each table, for example 25¢, and this quarter is paid in each basket. To start the runs, each of the baskets is placed in the center: the jet (4 figures in a row either in line or diagonally), four corners (4 figures, one from each corner),
center (4 figures in the center) and full (the whole letter). Each time it is completed, the amount of the specific basket is earned.

The deck is made up of fifty-four cards, and the gritón must draw each turn of three cards. The cards are drawn one from the top of the deck, another from the bottom, and another from the middle, seeking that all the cards randomly have the same probability of coming out. To start the spread, say: “He goes and runs with the lady, the little devil and the mermaid…” Subsequently, he continues to sing three cards per spread and they must not be repeated.

Once the roll has started, the player who achieves either a jet, four corners, center or full, must shout to request the prize that was collected in the corresponding basket.

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