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Guatemala

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
March 27, 2025
in World Cultures
Reading Time: 11 mins read
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Guatemala is one of the best-known Central American countries, boasting active volcanoes, colonial cities, and pre-Hispanic cities like Tikal. It has coasts on both oceans the Pacific and Atlantic by the Gulf of Honduras. It borders Mexico, Belize, and Honduras. Guatemala’s colonial city of Antigua is well-known. It was founded during the viceroyalty as Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala in 1543 in the central highlands as the capital. However, its power declined due to the three strong Santa Marta earthquakes in 1773. This led to the capital being moved in 1776 to the present-day Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción.

Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary

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The Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary is located in what was formerly known as the Temple of Santo Domingo, which was completed in 1808.

The image of Our Lady of the Rosary was cast in silver in 1580, commissioned by Friar Lope de Montoya and sculpted by Nicolás Almayna, Lorenzo Medina, and Pedro Bozarráez. Unfortunately, after the Santa Marta earthquake in Antigua, the image was damaged in some parts, and it was restored by Cornelio Lara in 1774. In 1918, Julio Dubois reworked it, and on January 28, 1933, it was crowned with precious stones. The final restoration was carried out by Ramiro Urungaray in 1983.

Our Lady of the Rosary is the patron saint and Queen of Guatemala, which means that she is the one who pleads before God for the needs of her devotees. The festivities in his honor not only take place on October 7th each year, but extend throughout the entire month of October.

Poetry: Luz Mendez de la Vega

Luz Méndez de la Vega was one of Guatemala’s leading literary figures; she was born in 1919 and died on March 8, 2012. She earned a bachelor’s degree in Literature in her native Guatemala and her doctorate in the Spanish capital. She endured a very difficult period for her country, during which the dictatorial government frowned upon any displays of openness and modern thought. It was precisely in the 1970s, when Guatemalan intellectuals were attempting to express themselves artistically through the Rin-78 and La Moira groups to channel the creativity that the dictatorship sought to stifle, that Luz stood out for her active contributions in poetry, fiction, essays, theater, journalism, and teaching.

She received countless accolades and awards; she was the first woman to receive the Miguel Ángel Asturias National Literature Prize. Among her published books are the poetry collections “Helénica” and “Of Words and Shadows,” the essays “The President and the Tyrant Banderas” and “The Poetry of Eugenio Montale,” and the play “Three Faces of a Woman in Solitude.”

 

Anticipation

Because you are a traveler,

my love always has

the pain of goodbyes.

 

One day you will leave.

Passenger guest,

other faces will hide from you,

other names,

and other arms.

 

A postcard will come

from distant landscapes.

Portraits of you will bring me

an echo of your blue gaze

that will tremble in my hands.

 

You will leave because you are a sailor,

pursuer of horizons

in your hallucinated compass

of impossible norths.

You will leave, and ours

will be a dream and oblivion.

 

That’s why

don’t ask me,

now,

why my love

always has

the pain of goodbyes…

Kaq’ik Recipe

Kak’ik or Kaq’ik is a typical dish known as red turkey broth or chunto, traditionally from Cobán. It is served with rice to add to the broth and small corn dough tamales seasoned with nothing but salt, which are called blancos or pochitos.

Ingredients:

  • 2 pounds of turkey, cut into large chunks
  • 5 onion stalks
  • 4 sprigs of cilantro
  • 10 sprigs of mint
  • 1/2 ounce of sesame seeds
  • 4 allspice or paprika grains
  • 4 to 5 peppercorns
  • 1 ounce of pepitoria or pumpkin seeds
  • 1/2 pound of tomato
  • 4 ounces of miltomate or green tomatillo
  • 2 guaques or guajillo chilies
  • 1 chile pasa or pasilla
  • 1 red bell pepper
  • 6 large garlic cloves
  • 1 medium onion
  • 1 tablespoon of ground red achiote
  • Chili piquín powder
  • Salt to taste

 

Preparation:

  1. Cook the turkey with a little salt and a bouquet garni made with onion stalks, mint, and cilantro in enough water to cover the meat and prevent it from evaporating during cooking. 
  2. Brown the pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, and peppercorns without burning them. Once everything is browned, add them to the blender until they are finely ground into a paste.
  3. Separately, roast the chilies, bell pepper, garlic, onion, tomato, and miltomate. Then blend them to create a sauce.
  4. To make the recado (a thick mole-like sauce), mix the chili and tomato sauce with the seed paste and strain it.
  5. Once the turkey is cooked, remove it from the broth and set aside. Also, remove the bouquet garni stem it was cooked in.
  6. Add the recado to the broth where the turkey was cooked and boil for 5 minutes. Then, return the cooked turkey to the recado. Add a little salt, achiote, and cobanero chili to taste. 
  7. Serve in large pieces with a little rice, pochito or white tamale and tortillas.

Guatemala

Guatemala es uno de los países de Centro América más conocidos, pues cuenta con volcanes activos, ciudades coloniales, así como ciudades prehispánicas como Tikal. Cuenta con costas al pacífico y al atlántico por el golfo de honduras. Colinda con México, Belice y Honduras. 

De Guatemala es muy conocida la ciudad colonial Antigua, la cual fue fundada durante el virreinato como Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala en 1543 en el altiplano central de Guatemala como capital, sin embargo, su poderío cayó debido a los tres fuertes terremotos de Santa Marta en 1773. Lo que hizo que la capital fuera trasladada en 1776 a la actual Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción.

Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Rosario

La Basílica de Nuestra Señora del Rosario se encuentra lo que antiguamente se llamaba el Templo de Santo Domingo, el cual se terminó de construir en 1808. 

La imagen de la Virgen del Rosario fue realizada en plata en 1580 por encargo de fray Lope de Montoya y esculpida por Nicolás Almayna, Lorenzo Medina y Pedro Bozarráez; lamentablemente, tras los terremotos de Santa Marta en La Antigua, la imagen quedó dañada en algunas partes, siendo restaurada por Cornelio Lara en 1774. En 1918 Julio Dubois la intervino de nuevo y el 28 de enero de 1933 fue coronada con piedras preciosas. La última restauración fue realizada por Ramiro Urungaray en 1983.

La Virgen del Rosario es la Santa Patrona y Reina de Guatemala, lo que significa que es ella quien aboga ante Dios por las necesidades de sus devotos. Las festividades en su honor no sólo se dan el 7 de octubre de cada año, sino que se extienden durante todo el mes de octubre.

Poesía Luz Méndez de la Vega

Luz Méndez de la Vega fue una de las figuras primordiales de literatura de Guatemala; nació en el año 1919 y falleció el 8 de marzo de 2012. Se licenció en Letras en su país y obtuvo el doctorado en la capital española. Debió atravesar una etapa muy dura para su país, en la que el gobierno dictatorial no miraba con buen ojo ninguna muestra de apertura y pensamiento moderno. Fue justamente en la década del 70, cuando los intelectuales guatemaltecos intentaban expresarse artísticamente a través de los grupos Rin-78 y La Moira para canalizar la creatividad que la dictadura pretendía ahogar, que Luz sobresalió por su activa contribución, tanto en la poesía como la narrativa, el ensayo, el teatro, el periodismo y la docencia.

Recibió innumerables elogios y reconocimientos; fue la primera mujer en recibir el Premio Nacional de Literatura Miguel Ángel Asturias. Entre sus libros publicados se encuentran los poemarios “Helénica” y “De las Palabras y la Sombra”, los ensayos “El Señor Presidente y Tirano Banderas” y “La poesía de Eugenio Montale”, y la pieza teatral “Tres Rostros de Mujer en Soledad”.

Anticipo

Porque eres viajero

mi amor siempre tiene

dolor de adioses.

 

Un día te irás.

Pasajero huésped,

te esconderán otras caras,

otros nombres 

y otros brazos.

 

Una postal vendrá

desde remotos paisajes.

Retratos tuyos me traerán

un eco de tu mirada azul

que temblará en mis manos.

 

Te irás porque eres marino

perseguidor de horizontes

en tu alucinada brújula

de nortes imposibles.

Te irás y lo nuestro

será sueño y olvido.

 

Por eso

no me preguntes,

ahora,

por qué mi amor

siempre tiene

dolor de adioses…

Receta Kaq ik

El Kak’ik o Kaq’ik es un plato típico conocido como caldo colorado de pavo o chunto, tradicional de Cobán. Se sirve con arroz para agregar al caldo y pequeños tamales de masa de maíz sazonados sin nada más que sal, que son llamados blancos o pochitos.

Ingredientes:

  • 2 libras de pavo cortado en pedazos grandes
  • 5 tallos de cebolla
  • 4 ramas de cilantro
  • 10 ramas de hierbabuena
  • ½ onza de ajonjolí
  • 4 granos de pimienta gorda o pimentón
  • 4 a 5 granos de pimienta
  • 1 onza de pepitoria o pepita de calabaza
  • ½ libra de tomate o jitomate
  • 4 onzas de miltomate o tomatillo verde
  • 2 chiles guaques o guajillo
  • 1 chile pasa o pasilla
  • 1 chile pimiento morrón rojo
  • 6 dientes de ajo grandes
  • 1 cebolla mediana
  • 1 cucharada de Achiote rojo molido
  • Chile piquín en polvo
  • Sal al gusto

Preparación:

  1. Se cuece el pavo con un poco de sal y un ramo hecho con tallos de cebolla, hierbabuena y cilantro en suficiente agua para que cubra la carne y ésta no se evapore durante el hervor de la cocción.
  2. Se ponen a dorar, sin quemar, la pepitoria, el ajonjolí y los granos de pimienta, una vez que todo ha quedado dorado se echan a la licuadora hasta quedar bien molido tipo pasta.
  3. Aparte se asan los chiles, el chile pimiento, ajo, cebolla, el tomate y el miltomate para luego molerse en la licuadora para que quede un tipo de salsa. 
  4. Para hacer el recado (salsa espesa tipo mole) se mezcla la salsa de los chiles y tomates con la pasta de las semillas, posteriormente se cuela.
  5. Una vez que el pavo se ha cocido, se retira del caldo y se aparta; se saca también el ramo con el que se cocinó. 
  6. Al caldo donde se coció el pavo se le agrega el recado y se pone a hervir durante 5 minutos para que se integren los sabores, luego se regresa el pavo cocido para que éste se sazone. Se agrega un poco de sal, achiote y chile cobanero al gusto.
  7. Servir en pedazos grandes con un poco de arroz, pochito o tamalito blanco, tortillas.
Tags: Guatemalalatin americalatinos
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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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