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Creation Myth: Navajo Nation

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
November 14, 2024
in World Cultures
Reading Time: 5 mins read
Home Culture & Arts World Cultures
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Español Abajo

They say that for the creation of the world, Bégochiddy created the hummingbird Datá-téhe and the dove Hóspiddy, and through Ethkáy-nah-áshi he gave life and voice to the birds.

Then he created Etsáy-hasleén, the first man; Atráhgeh-Hasleén, the Center of Man; Adáhgeh-Hasleén, Behind the man; Hlakah-kestrah-hasléen, the Fourth man. Later he made four women with the same name Kay-des-tizhi, Wound in the rainbow.

Bégochiddy took charge of all the animals, birds and human beings, which were created in pairs.

He conceived corn, now in four varieties: black, white, blue and yellow. Then he took the bamboo and, giving breath through Ethkáy-nah-ásh, gave life to everything he had created, giving it a language that everyone spoke and understood. There was no Sun or Moon in this world, but the mountains were full of light.

The Rainbow House was built and in the eastern mountains lived the five gods of the First World, while people and animals lived together in the center of the world. The Navajos were there from the beginning, Bégochiddy would now place the Hopi and the Zuni.

He made men first and then women, for the Hopi he left four gods, one main one called Yeh-nez and three others called Yehs.

He created the Taos Indians, giving them a male bamboo to watch over them. To the Hopi a female bamboo, which they were to guard.

The six gods of the eastern mountains wanted the Navajos and Hopis to be friends, so he gave a woman to the Hopi – Ethkaynah-ashi – and a man to the Navajos. The two tribes lived together in a large group. Bégochiddy was the chief of all, Etsáy-hashkéh, the Coyote Man, watched over them, and reported to the gods how they lived their lives.

They cultivated four kinds of corn and Estsán-nahtáh, Woman’s Head, taught them how to grind it. By then there were different kinds of clothes, some white and others with coloured stripes and shoes made of deer skin.

They began to cultivate tobacco, beans and squash, and Bézh-l’entklízi, a plant from which they obtained red berries used in the Eagle Ceremony. They all worked in harmony and hunted animals, especially deer, to eat their meat.

The first marriage took place: Etsáy-hasleén with Eékai-etáhdeh, daughter of Estsán-nahtáh, Woman’s Head.

The woman liked to go to the river and sit there most of the day. Her husband held the position of Morning Chief, he was the one who told people when to go hunting, and before they left, he would gather them in the Rainbow House, where he would give them tobacco to smoke.

Mito de la creación: Nacións Navajo

Cuentan que para la creación del mundo Bégochiddy creó al colibrí Datá-téhe y a la paloma Hóspiddy, y a través de Ethkáy-nah-áshi dio vida y voces a las aves.

Luego creó Etsáy-hasleén, primer hombre; a Atráhgeh-Hasleén, Centro del Hombre; a Adáhgeh-Hasleén, Detrás del hombre; a Hlakah-kestrah-hasléen, Cuarto hombre. Posteriormente hizo cuatro mujeres con el mismo nombre Kay-des-tizhi, Herida en el arcoíris.

Bégochiddy se hizo cargo de todos los animales, aves y seres humanos, los cuales fueron creados de a pares.

Concibió el maíz, ahora en cuatro variedades: negro, blanco, azul y amarillo. Luego tomó el bambú y dando aliento a través de Ethkáy-nah-ásh, dio vida a todo lo que había creado, dándole un lenguaje que todos hablaban y comprendían. No había Sol o Luna en este mundo, pero las montañas estaban plenas de luz.

Se construyo la casa del Arcoíris y en las montañas del este vivían los cinco dioses del Primer Mundo, mientras las personas y animales vivían juntos en el centro del mundo. Los navajos estaban allí desde el principio, Bégochiddy colocaría ahora a los Hopi y los Zuni.

Hizo primero a los hombres y luego a las mujeres, para los Hopi dejó cuatro dioses, uno principal llamado Yeh-nez y otros tres llamados Yehs.

Creó a los indios Taos, dándoles un bambú macho para que los vigilara. A los Hopi un bambú hembra, el cual debían custodiar.

Los seis dioses de las montañas del este querían que los navajos y hopis fueran amigos, por lo que dio una mujer a los Hopi -Ethkaynah-ashi- y un hombre a los navajos. Las dos tribus vivían juntas en un gran grupo. Bégochiddy era el jefe de todos, Etsáy-hashkéh, el Hombre Coyote, los vigilaba, e informaba a los dioses cómo desarrollaban su vida.

Ellos cultivaban cuatro tipos de maíz y Estsán-nahtáh, Cabeza de Mujer, les enseñó cómo molerlo. Para ese entonces había diferentes tipos de vestidos, algunos blancos y otros con rayas de colores y calzados hechos de piel de venado. 

Comenzaron a cultivar tabaco, frijol y calabaza, y Bézh-l’entklízi, planta de la que obtenían unas bayas rojas utilizadas en la Ceremonia del Águila. Todos trabajaban en armonía y cazaban animales especialmente el venado para alimentarse de su carne.

Se produjo el primer matrimonio: Etsáy-hasleén con Eékai-etáhdeh, hija de Estsán-nahtáh, Cabeza de mujer.

A la mujer le gustaba ir al río y sentarse allí la mayor parte del día. Su marido tenía el cargo de Jefe de la Mañana, era él quien le decía a la gente cuándo salir a cazar, y antes de irse, los reunía en la Casa del Arcoíris, donde les daba tabaco para fumar.

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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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