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Behind Michigans Agricultural Economy

Behind Michigan’s abundant agricultural economy are farmworkers facing poor living conditions

EL CENTRAL by EL CENTRAL
August 8, 2024
in Español, Local News
Reading Time: 14 mins read
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  • Kim North Shine - Michigan News, University of Michigan
  • August 8, 2024
Español Abajo

For many seasonal and migrant farmworkers who plant, harvest and process produce for stores, stands, farmers markets and festivals across Michigan, living conditions can be unsafe and unhealthy, University of Michigan researchers say.

In interviews conducted as part of the Michigan Farmworker Project, workers described crowded housing, being provided dirty mattresses, sewage and other odors from bathrooms. They detailed common areas such as living rooms often doubling as bedrooms and a lack of air conditioning. 

Additionally, some said they experienced food insecurity, fears of polluted drinking water, high rents, low wages and a general lack of safe, affordable and quality housing—not unlike the situation many U.S. residents are facing.

The five-year-old community-engaged research project led by Lisbeth Iglesias-Rios and Alexis Handal of the U-M School of Public Health has examined a variety of topics related to treatment by farm owners and supervisors over time.

The latest study, published in the Journal of Agromedicine, assessed housing, labor conditions and general health, using phone interviews with 63 seasonal, migrant and H-2A farmworkers, who, the researchers say, are relied upon to bring produce to market each year. The findings are especially important given the miniscule pool of U.S. workers seeking farming jobs, the researchers say. 

“This is about basic human rights, and it’s also about treating these workers as the valuable contributors to the state’s $104.7 billion agricultural economy that they are. They are not afforded the same protections as other workers with federal and state occupational health and safety rules, and the treatment reported by some is dehumanizing and unhealthy,” Iglesias-Rios said.

Alexis Handal
Alexis Handal

Housing conditions are especially relevant as local, state and federal officials continue to monitor the spread of avian flu, which was detected in another Michigan dairy herd last month. It has also infected two farm workers in Michigan and one in Texas.

Lisbeth Iglesias Rios

The workers live in a mix of employer-provided agricultural housing or in rental properties in the farming communities where they work. About 19,000 migrant, H-2A and seasonal farmworkers, either live in Michigan or travel from other states or countries to provide the labor for Michigan farming operations each season. 

“Our desire as community-engaged researchers and the desire of the farmworkers and their advocates is to see policy changes that prevent the precarious working and living situations that come with being a seasonal, H-2A or migrant farmworker in the state,” Iglesias-Rios said.

The study and the overall project were conducted in partnership with the Michigan Department of Civil Rights and Farmworker Legal Services. The latest published paper, along with prior published studies, is available on the Michigan Farmworker Project website, and includes comments from farmworker interviews:

One worker said, “I would like for workers to have a more humane and equal treatment. Agriculture is a very important and dignified job but they do not value our work. I wish there was more conscious and better treatment for workers. We suffer a lot. I would like a forum to talk with the growers so they can treat the workers better.”

From another farmworker: “I would like less people in the apartments because they have two rooms and one bed and then they put eight people. That is a lot of people for the space.”

Many farmworkers reported living conditions that were satisfactory. The research, however, focuses on mistreatment and the precarious work and living conditions reported by the workers, including:

  • A majority of workers, 81%, reported one or more environmental hazards in the residence, including quality of drinking water.
  • Experiences of objectification and dehumanization and verbal abuse and a lack of privacy and conditions conducive to comfort, sleep and hygiene.
  • Nearly half of farmworkers, 48%, rated their health as fair or poor during theyear prior to the interview; more than a third reported three or more chronic conditions and 39% reported lack of health insurance.
  • About 38% reported living in poverty.
  • Living rooms doubling as bedrooms with mattresses on the floors. Most workers interviewed, more than 60%, reported having mattresses that were somewhat clean or not clean at all.

The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period as the virus sickened and killed a disproportionate number of Latinos, including farmworkers. In late 2020, the Michigan Department of Civil Rights commissioned the housing study to describe work characteristics and housing access, affordability and quality for farmworkers living in and outside of agricultural work sites during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan.

Study: Precarious Work and Housing for Michigan Farmworkers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond

Trabajadores agrícolas de Michigan enfrentan malas condiciones de vida

Para muchos trabajadores agrícolas estacionales y migrantes que plantan, cosechan y procesan productos para tiendas, puestos, mercados de agricultores y festivales en todo Michigan, las condiciones de vida pueden ser inseguras y poco saludables, según investigadoras de la Universidad de Michigan.

En entrevistas realizadas como parte del Proyecto de Trabajadores Agrícolas de Michigan, los trabajadores describieron viviendas saturadas de personas, colchones sucios que se les proporcionaban, y olores a aguas residuales y otros provenientes de los baños. Detallaron áreas comunes, como salas de estar, que a menudo también funcionaban como dormitorios y la falta de aire acondicionado.

Además, algunos mencionaron haber experimentado inseguridad alimentaria, temores sobre la contaminación del agua potable, rentas altas, salarios bajos y una falta general de vivienda segura, asequible y de calidad, no muy distinta de la situación que enfrentan muchos residentes de EE.UU.

Este proyecto de investigación comunitaria, que tiene cinco años de antigüedad, liderado por Lisbeth Iglesias-Rios y Alexis Handal de la Escuela de Salud Pública de la U-M, ha examinado una variedad de temas relacionados con el trato recibido por parte de los dueños y supervisores de las granjas a lo largo del tiempo.

El último estudio, publicado en el Journal of Agromedicine, evaluó las condiciones de vivienda, laborales y de salud en general, utilizando entrevistas telefónicas con 63 trabajadores agrícolas estacionales, migrantes y H-2A, de los cuales, según las investigadoras, se depende para llevar productos al mercado cada año. Los hallazgos son especialmente importantes dada la escasa cantidad de trabajadores estadounidenses que buscan empleos en la agricultura, afirman las investigadoras.

“Esto trata sobre derechos humanos básicos, y también sobre tratar a estos trabajadores como los valiosos contribuyentes a la economía agrícola de $104.7 mil millones del estado que son. No se les otorgan las mismas protecciones que a otros trabajadores bajo las normas federales y estatales de salud y seguridad ocupacional, y el trato reportado por algunos es deshumanizante y poco saludable,” dijo Iglesias-Rios.

Alexis Handal
Alexis Handal

Las condiciones de vivienda son especialmente relevantes a medida que los funcionarios locales, estatales y federales continúan monitoreando la propagación de la gripe aviar, detectada el mes pasado en otro rebaño lechero de Michigan. También ha infectado a dos trabajadores agrícolas en Michigan y a uno en Texas.

Lisbeth Iglesias Rios

Los trabajadores viven en una combinación de viviendas agrícolas proporcionadas por el empleador o en propiedades de alquiler en las comunidades agrícolas donde trabajan. Aproximadamente 19,000 trabajadores agrícolas migrantes, H-2A y estacionales viven en Michigan o viajan desde otros estados o países para proporcionar la mano de obra para las operaciones agrícolas de Michigan cada temporada.

“Nuestro deseo como investigadoras comprometidas con la comunidad y el deseo de los trabajadores agrícolas y sus defensores es ver cambios en las políticas que prevengan las situaciones de trabajo y vida precarias que vienen con ser un trabajador agrícola estacional, H-2A o migrante en el estado,” dijo Iglesias-Rios.

El estudio y el proyecto general se realizaron en asociación con el Departamento de Derechos Civiles de Michigan y los Servicios Legales para Trabajadores Agrícolas. El último artículo publicado, junto con estudios anteriores publicados, están disponible en el sitio web del Proyecto de Trabajadores Agrícolas de Michigan e incluye comentarios de entrevistas con trabajadores agrícolas:

Un trabajador dijo, “Me gustaría que los trabajadores tuvieran un trato más humano e igualitario. La agricultura es un trabajo muy importante y digno, pero no valoran nuestro trabajo. Desearía que hubiera más conciencia y mejor trato para los trabajadores. Sufrimos mucho. Me gustaría un foro para hablar con los productores para que puedan tratar mejor a los trabajadores.”

De otro trabajador agrícola: “Me gustaría menos personas en los apartamentos porque tienen dos habitaciones y una cama y luego ponen ocho personas. Eso es mucha gente para el espacio.”

Muchos trabajadores agrícolas informaron que las condiciones de vida eran satisfactorias. La investigación, sin embargo, se centra en el maltrato las condiciones laborales y de vida precarias reportadas por los trabajadores, incluyendo:

  • La mayoría de los trabajadores, un 81%, reportaron uno o más peligros ambientales en la residencia, incluyendo la calidad del agua potable.
  • Experiencias de objetificación y deshumanización y abuso verbal, así como falta de privacidad y condiciones que propician el confort, sueño e higiene.
  • Casi la mitad de los trabajadores agrícolas, un 48%, calificaron su salud como regular o mala durante el año previo a la entrevista; más de un tercio reportó tres o más condiciones crónicas y un 39% reportó falta de seguro de salud.
  • Aproximadamente un 38% reportó vivir en la pobreza.
  • Salas que se usan también como dormitorios, con colchones en el suelo. La mayoría de los trabajadores entrevistados, más del 60%, reportaron tener colchones que estaban algo limpios o no estaban limpios en absoluto.

El estudio se realizó durante la pandemia de COVID-19, un período en el que el virus afectó y causó la muerte de un número desproporcionado de latinos, incluidos los trabajadores agrícolas. A finales de 2020, el Departamento de Derechos Civiles de Michigan encargó un estudio sobre vivienda para describir las características laborales y las condiciones de acceso, asequibilidad y calidad de la vivienda para los trabajadores agrícolas que vivían dentro y fuera de los sitios de trabajo agrícola durante la pandemia en Michigan.

Escrito por Kim North Shine de Michigan News, adaptado al español por Juan Ochoa de Michigan News.

Tags: DetroithousingUofM
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