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    Celebration of Life Honors Richard Gutierrez, Founder of Hacienda Mexican Foods

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Independencia de México

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
September 18, 2025
in Español, World Cultures
Reading Time: 7 mins read
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English Below

La noche del 15 de septiembre, para la madrugada del 16 de septiembre, México se vistió de gala con la celebración de las fiestas de que conmemoran el inicio del movimiento por la independencia. A la media noche la presidenta de México Claudia Sheinbaum dio lo que llamamos El Grito de Independencia, rememorando el grito que dio Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, en Dolores, Guanajuato el 16 de septiembre de 1810 para convocar a la creación de una nueva nación, la nación mexicana.

Durante meses, quizá años se gestaban conversaciones sobre la importancia de separar el virreinato de la Nueva España, para crear una nueva patria en el territorio Mesoamericano, donde a la llegada de los españoles en el siglo XVI, 300 años antes, se ubicó el imperio Azteca-Mexica.

Una vez firmada la independencia de España en 1821, después de 11 años de lucha armada, se funda el Primer Imperio Mexicano regido por Agustín Iturbide, con un territorio que se extendía desde gran parte de lo que actualmente es Estados Unidos de América, hasta Costa Rica. Sin embargo, este extenso territorio no permaneció inerte y en menos de 30 años había mermado su territorio de Centro América, Texas, California y Nuevo México; quedando en lo que actualmente conocemos como el territorio nacional mexicano.

México buscaba el símbolo nacional, la Bandera de México con los tres colores: verde de la esperanza, blanco de la unión de los pueblos y rojo de la sangre derramada por los héroes para crear la nación. Al centro, donde está el color blanco se encuentra el escudo nacional que es el águila devorando la serpiente, en alegoría al mito mexica-azteca que Huitzilopochtli les indico que al mirar esto encontrarían la tierra donde habrían de fundar Tenochtitlan. 

Para 1824 se crea el congreso constituyente con el afán de crear una Carta Magna que rigiera a la nueva nación, y resultando en la creación de la primera República Federal Mexicana bajo el presidente Guadalupe Victoria.

Para 1857 los movimientos políticos llevaron a las guerras de reforma con el afán de separar a la Iglesia del Estado, un movimiento liderado por un oaxaqueño de origen Zapoteca, Benito Juárez. A partir de este momento, el Estado Mexicano tomó parte en el registro de la población emitiendo certificados de natalidad, bautizos, matrimonios, entre otros.

Una vez organizada la política nacional, los problemas de unificación fueron emergiendo, pues, no podemos olvidar que México es un país en el siglo XIX era habitado por más de 150 pueblos indígenas que, aunque con semejanzas en sus tradiciones, entre los del norte y los del sur las diferencias eran sustancialmente marcadas tanto en cultura como en alimentación, entre otras.

La nueva nación se enfrentaba a un problema más grande, ¿Cómo unificar a un país tan diverso? Y aquí es donde el arte tuvo lugar, con el afán de unificar la visión del mexicano y que la organización social de castas que había establecido la colonia fuera anulada, se conceptualizó la idea del mestizo, el habitante producto de la colonia con raíces de los pueblos indígenas americanos, europeos y africanos. El mestizo se constituyó como la idea de lo que es el mexicano, esa unión y fusión que hace una identidad.

De aquello que pasó hace más de 200 años, esas luchas de independencia, nos quedan una cultura mestizada, mezcla unificada en la que coexiste el mundo mágico y el mundo tecnológico globalizado. La fantasía innovadora y la tradición artesana. La música tradicional de los pueblos indígenas. La lengua que nos unifica con todo hHispanoamérica para crear el esplendor de los muchos Méxicos que son también uno, pero que debe seguir buscando la preservación y coexistencia de esta diversidad de identidades. 

Este 2025 celebremos no sólo a México, sino la ruptura con Europa y busquemos que vengan siglos de un gobierno emancipado de la intervención extranjera.

Independence of México

On the night of September 15th, and into the early morning of September 16th, Mexico was dressed up for the celebration of the festivities commemorating the beginning of the independence movement. At midnight, Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum gave what we call the Grito de Independencia, recalling when Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla in Dolores, Guanajuato, on September 16, 1810, call the people for the creation of a new nation, the Mexican nation.

Before that day, for months, perhaps years, conversations had been brewing about the importance of separating the viceroyalty of the New Spain and creating a new homeland in the Mesoamerican territory where the Aztec-Mexican empire had been located upon the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, 300 years earlier.

Once independence from Spain was signed in 1821, after 11 years of armed struggle, the First Mexican Empire was founded, ruled by Agustín Iturbide, with a territory that extended from much of what is now the United States of America to Costa Rica. However, this vast territory did not remain like this, for so, in less than 30 years, its territory lost Central America, Texas, and half of the today’s half of United States of America, leaving what we now know as the Mexican national territory.

Mexico sought its national symbol, the Mexican flag, with three colors: green for hope, white for the union of peoples, and red for the blood shed by heroes to create the nation. In the center, where the white color is, is the national emblem, which represents the eagle devouring the serpent, an allegory of the Aztec-Mexican myth that Huitzilopochtli told them that by looking at this, they would find the land where they would built Tenochtitlan.

In 1824, the Constituent Congress was created with the aim of creating a Magna Carta to govern the new nation, resulting in the creation of the first Federal Republic of Mexico under President Guadalupe Victoria.

By 1857, political movements led to the Reform Wars, seeking to separate church and state. This movement was led by Benito Juárez, a Zapotec Oaxacan. From this moment on, the Mexican State took part in population registration, issuing birth, baptism, and marriage certificates, among other matters.

Once national politics were organized, problems of unification began to emerge. We cannot forget that Mexico was a country in the 19th century inhabited by more than 150 indigenous peoples. Although their traditions were similar, the differences between those in the north and those in the south were substantially marked, both in culture and diet, among other aspects.

The new nation faced a bigger problem: how to unify such a diverse country? And this is where art came into its own. With the desire to unify the vision of the Mexican and to overturn the caste-based social organization established by the colony, the idea of ​​the mestizo was conceptualized, the inhabitant, a product of the colony, with roots in Indigenous American, European, and African peoples. The mestizo became the idea of ​​what a Mexican is, that union and fusion that creates an identity.

From what happened more than 200 years ago, those struggles for independence, we are left with a mestizo culture, a unified blend in which the magical world and the globalized technological world coexist. Innovative fantasy and artisanal tradition. The traditional music of the indigenous peoples. The language that unites us with all of Hispanic America to create the splendor of the many Mexicos that are also one, but which must continue to seek the preservation and coexistence of this diversity of identities. In 2025, let us celebrate not only Mexico, but also the break with Europe, and seek centuries of a government emancipated from foreign intervention.

Tags: Mexico
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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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