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Teens engaged in activism become better critical thinkers, U-M study finds

EL CENTRAL by EL CENTRAL
August 10, 2023
in Community, Español
Reading Time: 7 mins read
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  • Fernanda Pires of Michigan News
  • August 10, 2023
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Youth involved in community-based activism over time become better critical thinkers and more politically active, according to a new University of Michigan study.

The study, recently published in Child Development, highlights the importance of community engagement in supporting and developing critical consciousness and social action among adolescents.

“Community-based activism serves as a key consciousness-raising system that supports youth to recognize, negotiate and challenge oppression in their lives,” said Matthew Diemer, U-M professor of education and psychology. “This is politically contentious work, with a quantitative approach that is sophisticated and rigorous. We’re directly paying attention to inequality instead of avoiding talking about inequality or pretending it doesn’t exist.

“These settings exploit these topics with young people and foster the capacity to act on inequality. And what we see here is these young people benefit and flourish instead of being harmful or indoctrinated.”

Over a two-year period, Diemer and colleagues analyzed three dimensions of critical consciousness—critical reflection, motivation and action—among 518 adolescents (average age: 16) from various cities across the United States. About 39% of the students identified as Latinos or Hispanics, 20% as Black or African American, 11% Asian or Asian American, 8% Multiracial and 6% white.

“These adolescents came to be more critically conscious, understanding inequality better and how to take actions to remedy inequality,” Diemer said. “This study helps clarify the antecedents of critical consciousness as well as its form of development to assist future attempts to facilitate youth critical consciousness.”

In the past two decades, a substantial body of research has highlighted the benefits of critical consciousness for youth contending with oppression, Diemer says. These studies are based on the work of Brazilian educator and philosopher Paulo Freire, a leading advocate of critical pedagogy. He believed in the idea of critical reflection and action on the world to make it more just and equitable.

“This is the first paper showing the normal trajectory of this process among young people,” Diemer said. “We don’t have any research that has ever looked at that over time longitudinally, particularly among youth organizers who are already pretty active.”

The findings showed some surprises. One is related to adolescents who are already critically reflective about inequality in the world and involved in activism—although there is still room for change and growth for these young activists, Diemer says.

“Despite that, they are growing because of the settings they were in and their partnerships with adults,” he said. “These organizers were careful and intentional about some practices that seem to foster critical consciousness in these young people, supporting them and engaging in action in the world.

“They provided a space for discussions and reflections about inequality, without indoctrinating them or imposing views, but only to encourage and give a voice to the young people.”

Critical consciousness is associated with beneficial developmental outcomes among youth. They are developing in a society often antagonistic to their healthy development, such as the lack of a social safety net and career opportunities, Diemer says.

“Our study extends the understanding of how youth develop critical consciousness within community-based activist contexts,” he said. “Now, we would like to have a sense of the best practices of these organizations. We see that these settings are effective and impactful and knowing more specifically what was happening that led to that change would be next.”

Co-authors include U-M graduate students Victoria Vezaldenos and Gabrielle Kubi, and recent graduates Andres Pinedo, incoming assistant professor at Vanderbilt University, and Michael Frisby, assistant professor at Georgia State University.

Adolescentes activistas desarrollan mayor pensamiento crítico, según un estudio de la U-M

Escrito por Fernanda Pires de Michigan News, adaptado al español por Juan Ochoa de Michigan News.

Los jóvenes involucrados en el activismo comunitario con el tiempo se convierten en mejores pensadores críticos y son más activos políticamente, según un nuevo estudio de la Universidad de Michigan.

El estudio, publicado recientemente en Child Development, destaca la importancia de la participación de la comunidad en el apoyo y el desarrollo de la conciencia crítica y la acción social entre los adolescentes.

“El activismo basado en la comunidad sirve como un sistema clave de concientización que apoya a los jóvenes a reconocer, negociar y desafiar la opresión en sus vidas”, dijo Matthew Diemer, Profesor de educación y psicología de la U-M. “Este es un trabajo políticamente polémico, con un enfoque cuantitativo que es sofisticado y riguroso. Estamos prestando atención directamente a la desigualdad en lugar de evitar hablar de desigualdad o fingir que no existe.

“Estos entornos explotan estos temas con los jóvenes y fomentan la capacidad de actuar sobre la desigualdad. Y lo que vemos aquí es que estos jóvenes se benefician y florecen en lugar de ser dañinos o adoctrinados”.

Durante un período de dos años, Diemer y sus colegas analizaron tres dimensiones de la conciencia crítica: reflexión crítica, motivación y acción, entre 518 adolescentes (edad promedio: 16 años) de varias ciudades de los Estados Unidos. Alrededor del 39% de los estudiantes se identificaron como latinos o hispanos, el 20% como negros o afroamericanos, el 11% asiáticos o asiático-americanos, el 8% multirraciales y el 6% blancos.

“Estos adolescentes llegaron a ser más críticamente conscientes, entendiendo mejor la desigualdad y cómo tomar medidas para remediar la desigualdad”, dijo Diemer. “Este estudio ayuda a aclarar los antecedentes de la conciencia crítica, así como su forma de desarrollo para ayudar a futuros intentos de facilitar la conciencia crítica de los jóvenes”.

En las últimas dos décadas, un cuerpo sustancial de investigación ha destacado los beneficios de la conciencia crítica para los jóvenes que luchan contra la opresión, dice Diemer. Estos estudios se basan en el trabajo del educador y filósofo brasileño Paulo Freire, un destacado defensor de la pedagogía crítica. Creía en la idea de la reflexión crítica y la acción sobre el mundo para hacerlo más justo y equitativo.

“Este es el primer documento que muestra la trayectoria normal de este proceso entre los jóvenes”, dijo Diemer. “No tenemos ninguna investigación que haya analizado eso a lo largo del tiempo longitudinalmente, particularmente entre los organizadores juveniles que ya son bastante activos”.

Los hallazgos mostraron algunas sorpresas. Uno está relacionado con los adolescentes que ya reflexionan críticamente sobre la desigualdad en el mundo y participan en el activismo, aunque todavía hay espacio para el cambio y el crecimiento para estos jóvenes activistas, dice Diemer.

“A pesar de eso, están creciendo debido a los entornos en los que se encontraban y sus asociaciones con adultos”, dijo. “Estos organizadores fueron cuidadosos e intencionales sobre algunas prácticas que parecen fomentar la conciencia crítica en estos jóvenes, apoyándolos y participando en acciones en el mundo.

“Proporcionaron un espacio para discusiones y reflexiones sobre la desigualdad, sin adoctrinarlos ni imponer puntos de vista, sino solo para alentar y dar voz a los jóvenes”.

La conciencia crítica se asocia con resultados beneficiosos para el desarrollo entre los jóvenes. Se están desarrollando en una sociedad a menudo antagónica a su desarrollo saludable, como la falta de una red de seguridad social y oportunidades profesionales, dice Diemer.

“Nuestro estudio amplía la comprensión de cómo los jóvenes desarrollan conciencia crítica dentro de contextos activistas basados en la comunidad”, dijo. “Ahora, nos gustaría tener una idea de las mejores prácticas de estas organizaciones. Vemos que estos entornos son efectivos e impactantes y saber más específicamente lo que estaba sucediendo que llevó a ese cambio sería lo siguiente”.

Los coautores incluyen a los estudiantes graduados de la U-M Victoria Vezaldenos y Gabrielle Kubi, y los recién graduados Andrés Pinedo, profesor asistente entrante en la Universidad de Vanderbilt, y Michael Frisby, profesor asistente en la Universidad Estatal de Georgia.

Tags: ActivistsLeadersyouth
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