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Chocholtecos

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
December 18, 2025
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They call themselves Runixa Ngiigua, which means “those who speak the language,” while the language is called Ngiigua. Their language belongs to the Oto-Mangue family and the grouping has three linguistic variants.

They live in the state of Oaxaca.

The area where they live is extremely rugged and is made up of part of the Teposcolula and Tamazulapa mountain ranges, which constitute the Mixtec Nudo, with heights ranging from 2,000 to 2,700 meters above sea level with small plains and poor and eroded soils. The climate of the region is classified as temperate subhumid, with annual average temperatures of 10 to 20 ° C. The rivers that cross the territory are of little flow. The population is supplied in the water sources and springs that abound in the region.

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The flora and fauna are very poor. Within the first stand out the plants typical of arid lands such as mesquite, huizache, agaves, cacti, mulberry trees, junipers, palms, laurels and strawberry trees; As for the fauna, it includes species such as rabbit, hare, gopher, opossum and some deer; diverse varieties of vipers and scorpions abound.

The language Chocho, Chocholteco, Chuchon or Chochon, is an Ottoman language that is spoken in the Oaxacan towns of Santa María Nativitas, San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, San Martín Toxpalán and San Miguel Tulancingo. There are 729 registered Chocholteco speakers.

Chocho is a language that, together with the Popoloca language, belongs to the Chocho-Popoloca group, and this group in turn belongs to the great Ottoman trunk. In Mexico there are 11 indigenous language families, the Chocho language belongs to the number family.

This language along with all the indigenous languages ​​of Mexico and Spanish is recognized as NATIONAL LANGUAGES, thanks to the General Law of Linguistic Rights of Indigenous Peoples promulgated in 2003.

Originally they believed in a God of the Universe who was called Da’aní ndiú naa’rjuí, which means our Father God of the Universe or Heaven. Upon the arrival of the Dominican friars (1550), the conversion of the population to Catholicism began, so today the religion they profess is a mixture of Catholicism and pre-Hispanic religiosity.

Among the elements related to their ancient religion are to form conical piles of stones, which are placed by travelers on the roads that join the Chocholtecan peoples. The reason for this custom is the belief that if they go on a trip and do not place these stones, they will not return to their village. Another element is found in the idea that healers invoke the spirits of their ancient gods to perform cures.

Chochoteca’s Legend: The Girl in the Wool Coat

A long time ago there was a girl in Ocotlán who could make it rain while she danced wearing her white wool coat.

The village enjoyed a time of abundance, until the elves El Chivato and la Mulata chased her away out of envy.

The girl in the wool coat went to San Juan Yucuita, and they say from then on people take flowers to the hill to thank the woman for her abundant harvests,

while Ocotlán was left with scarce water.

That is how we Chocholtecos tell it.

Little Star

A little star

small and pretty

fell near

my little house

María Guadalupe Andrés Mora

Red Flowers

I have red flowers

that I take care of

with all my heart,

if I don’t take care of them

I have no reason.

Guillermina Reyes Vargas

Tongue Twister

My aunt is my uncle’s sister

my uncle is my dad’s brother

and my dad is my aunt’s brother

and my uncles and my dad

are their dad’s children,

the grandfather of my siblings and me.

José Felix Maldonado López

Rhyme

He who goes to Río Blanco

loses his bench,

he who is left without a bench

climbs onto the loft.

Daniel López López

Chocholteco - Ngiba de Oaxaca, Mx

Se llaman a sí mismos Runixa Ngiigua, que significa “los que hablan el idioma”, en tanto que la lengua se denomina Ngiigua. Su idioma pertenece a la familia oto-mangue y la agrupación cuenta con tres variantes lingüísticas.

Viven en el estado de Oaxaca.

La zona donde habitan es sumamente accidentada y está conformada por parte de las sierras de Teposcolula y Tamazulapa, las cuales constituyen el Nudo Mixteco, con alturas que van de 2,000 a 2,700 metros sobre el nivel del mar con pequeñas planicies y suelos pobres y erosionados. El clima de la región se clasifica como templado subhúmedo, con temperaturas medias anuales de 10 a 20°C. Los ríos que cruzan el territorio son de poco caudal. La población se surte en los ojos de agua y manantiales que abundan en la región.

La flora y la fauna son muy pobres. Dentro de la primera sobresalen las plantas propias de tierras áridas como mezquite, huizache, agaves, cactus, moreras, enebros, palmas, laureles y madroños; en cuanto a la fauna, comprende especies como conejo, liebre, tuza, tlacuache y algunos venados; abundan diversas variedades de víboras y alacranes.

El idioma chocho, chocholteco, chuchon o chochon, es una lengua otomangueana que se habla en las localidades oaxaqueñas de Santa María Nativitas, San Juan Bautista Coixtlahuaca, San Martín Toxpalán y San Miguel Tulancingo. Existen regustrados 729 hablantes de chocholteco.

El chocho es una lengua que junto al idioma popoloca pertenece al grupo chocho-popoloca, y este grupo a su vez al gran tronco otomangue.​ En México existen 11 familias de lengua indígena,el idioma chocho es perteneciente a la familia número.

Esta lengua junto con todas las lenguas indígenas de México y el español está reconocida como LENGUAS NACIONALES, gracias a la Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas promulgada en el año 2003.

Originalmente creían en un Dios del Universo al que se le denominaba Da’aní ndiú naa’rjuí, que quiere decir nuestro Padre Dios del Universo o del Cielo. A la llegada de los frailes dominicos (1550), se inició la conversión de la población al catolicismo, por lo que hoy la religión que profesan es una mezcla de catolicismo y de religiosidad prehispánica.

Entre los elementos relacionados con su antigua religión se encuentran formar montones cónicos de piedras, que son colocados por los viajeros en los caminos que unen a los pueblos chocholtecos. La razón de esta costumbre es la creencia en que, si salen de viaje y no colocan estas piedras, no regresarán a su pueblo. Otro elemento se encuentra en la idea de que los curanderos invocan los espíritus de sus antiguos dioses para realizar curaciones.

Poesía Chocholteca

Estrellita

Una estrellita

chiquita y bonita

cayó cerquita

de mi casita

María Guadalupe Andrés Mora

Flores rojas

Tengo flores rojas

que las cuido

con todo mi corazón,

si no las cuido

no tengo ninguna razón.

Guillermina Reyes Vargas

Trabalenguas

Mi tía es hermana de mi tío

mi tío es hermano de mi papá

y mi papá es hermano de mi tía

y mis tíos y mi papá

son hijos de su papá,

el abuelo de mis hermnaos y mío.

José Felix Maldonado López

Rima

El que va a Río Blanco

pierde su banco,

el que se queda sin banco

se sube al tapanco.

Daniel López López

Leyenda Chocholteca: La niña de la lanilla

Hace mucho tiempo existió en Ocotlán una niña que podía hacer llover mientras bailaba y vestía su lanilla blanca.

El pueblo vivía una época de abundancia, hasta que los duendes: El Chivato y la Mulata la corrieron por envidia. Junto con la niña, exiliaron el agua de su comunidad.

La niña de la lanilla anduvo por los cerros, hasta que llegó a San Juan Yucuita, y dicen que desde ese momento la gente lleva flores al cerro para agradecerle a la niña de la lanilla sus abundantes cosechas.

Mientras que Ocotlán quedó con poca agua.

Así lo contamos los chocholtecos.

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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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