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El Jarabe Tapatío – Baile Folclórico mexicano

EL CENTRAL by EL CENTRAL
March 7, 2024
in Culture & Arts, Music
Reading Time: 12 mins read
Home Culture & Arts
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  • Angela Gallegos
  • March 7, 2024
English Below

El Jarabe Tapatío es uno de los muchos bailes y danzas folclóricas de México en el que se representa a un Charro con su traje de gala tratando de conquistar a una mujer vestida de China poblana, china es como se le llamaba a las mujeres en el siglo XIX. El Jarabe tapatío es uno de los bailes más populares y a veces se le reconoce como baile nacional, debido a que en 1919 cuando la reconocida bailarina rusa Anna Pavlova visitó México se alegró y fascinó por la cultura que se aprendió el Jarabe tapatío para bailarlo frente a más de 30,000 personas en la Plaza de Toros de la ciudad de México.

El vestuario de la china poblana es una blusa y una falda de colores con los 7 listones que lucirá la china poblana como si fuera una flor al ondearla con las manos y cuando dé vueltas. El traje del Charro representa a un hombre acaudalado que muestra en su traje de gala hilos y cadenillas de plata, así como una semejanza con el traje de torero, representando a su vez la masculinidad y valentía del Charro.

En algunas partes del mundo se le conoce como el baile del sombrero, debido a que hay un momento en el que la dama baila alrededor del sombrero. Los símbolos más importantes que vemos es el principio cuando la pareja apenas se encuentra y el Charro trata de alcanzarla, para después comenzar a cortejar que es cuando comienzan con los círculos y la coquetería de acercarse y alejarse. El momento en que el Charro se quita el sombrero muestra que se pone al servicio de la dama y después le lanza cuidadosamente el sombrero al suelo en símbolo de entregarle todos sus bienes a la dama; la dama baila alrededor del sombrero en círculos pensando si tomará o no el cortejo, cuando decide aceptar al Charro, la china se agacha para tomar el sombrero; la china se pone el sombrero y comienzan a bailar juntos, él tomándola de la cintura en símbolo de que ya son pareja, ella lo ha tomado a él y él a ella. 

El baile es un homenaje a la primavera con la música y los colores floridos de las faldas que semejan las flores.

La música del Jarabe tapatío es una fusión de distintos sones de la República Mexicana y fue compuesta por José de Jesús González Rubio, quien nació en Guadalajara, Jalisco, de ahí el nombre, pues hemos de saber que Tapatío es el gentilicio que se le da a las personas oriundas de Guadalajara. La palabra Jarabe, que viene de la palabra árabe Xarab ó Sharab, y que tanto en español como en árabe refiere a una bebida concentrada de hierbas y jugos, de ahí que siendo esta música una mezcla ritmos y sones derivó en los Jarabes gitanos de Andalucía, no por nada los jarabes han heredado también el zapateado tan tradicional del sur de España de la danza gitano-flamenca.

Cuentan que durante el tiempo del virreinato los criollos hacían bailes, que para entonces eran considerados impúdicos o que faltaban a la moral eclesiástica, pues con estos bailes los hombres cortejaban a las mujeres, quienes decidían aceptar o negar la propuesta, así, con el paso de los siglos, los bailes de los sones y jarabes de cortejo pasaron a ser expresión de rebeldía hacia la corona española. La primera vez que se presentó un Jarabe tapatío en un teatro fue en 1790 en el Teatro Coliseo de la Ciudad de México. El Jarabe tapatío de aquel tiempo no era tal cual el que conocemos hoy en día, no obstante, sí representaba el cortejo de un hombre a una mujer, e incluso la canción tenía su letra. 

The Jarabe Tapatío - A Folkloric Mexican Dance

The Jarabe Tapatío is one of the many folk dances of Mexico in which a Charro is represented in his gala dress trying to conquer a woman dressed as China Poblana, China is what women were called in the 19th century. XIX. The Jarabe Tapatío is one of the most popular dances and is sometimes recognized as a national dance, because in 1919 when the renowned Russian dancer, one of the best world dancers, Anna Pavlova visited Mexico, she was fascinated by the mexican culture, that she learned how to dance the Jarabe Tapatío. She had a presentation with more than 30,000 people in the Plaza de Toros in Mexico City.

The China Poblana costume is a blouse and a colorful skirt with 7 ribbons that the lady will wear as if it were a flower when she waves it with her hands and when she spins. The Charro suit represents a wealthy man who shows threads and silver chains in his gala suit, as well as a resemblance to the bullfighter’s suit, representing the masculinity and bravery of the Charro.

In some parts of the world, the Jarabe Tapatío is known as The Hat Dance, because there is a moment in which the lady dances around the hat. The most important symbols that we see are the beginning when the couple barely meets and the Charro tries to reach her, and then he begin to court her, which is when they begin with the circles and the coquetry of approaching and moving away. The moment in which the Charro takes off his hat shows that he puts himself at the service of the lady and then carefully throws the hat to the ground as a symbol of handing over all of his property and wealth to the lady. The lady dances around the hat in circles representing tha she is thinking whether or not she will take the courtship, when she decides to accept the Charro, the woman bends down to take the hat. The lady puts on her hat and they begin to dance together, he taking her waist as a symbol that they are now partners, she has taken him and he has taken her.

The dance is a tribute to spring with the music and the flowery colors of the skirts that resemble flowers.

The music of Jarabe Tapatío is a fusion of different sounds from all over México and was composed by José de Jesús González Rubio, who was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, hence the name, since we must know that Tapatío is the demonym given to people that is born in Guadalajara. The word Jarabe, which comes from the Arabic word “Xarab or Sharab”, that as in Spanish as in Arabic it refers to a concentrated drink of herbs and juices (we can even find it’s similarity with the english word syrup), hence this music being a mixture of rhythms and sounds led to the Jarabes Gitanos of Andalusia, not for nothing the syrups have also inherited the traditional zapateado, the shoe dance, from the south of Spain, as a glimpse of the gypsy-flamenco dance

They say that during the time of the Spanish Colony or viceroyalty the Creoles did dances, which by then were considered impudent in ecclesiastical morality, because with these dances the men courted the women, who decided to accept or deny the proposal, thus, with the passage over the centuries, the courtship sones and dances became an expression of rebellion towards the Spanish crown. The first time that a Jarabe Tapatío was presented in a theater was in 1790 at the Teatro Coliseo in Mexico City. The Jarabe Tapatío of that time was not like the one we know today, however, it did represent the courtship of a man with a woman, and even the song had its lyrics.

Tags: DanceMexicoMusic
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