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Democracy at a Crossroads: Decoding the High-stakes Future of Latin American Elections

Colombia presidential election 2026 could reshape Latin America as violence rises and democracy faces new tests

EL CENTRAL by EL CENTRAL
May 5, 2026
in Politics
Reading Time: 6 mins read
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  • Written by Tevah Platt, Institute for Social Research for Michigan News
  • May 5, 2026

Expert Analysis

With political violence on the rise and fracturing stable nations, the future of democracy in Latin America is reaching a critical point, says a University of Michigan researcher.

Edgar Franco-Vivanco

Edgar Franco-Vivanco, assistant professor of political science at the University of Michigan, believes it is a shift that requires more than just a casual observation, which led to the founding of the Latin American Elections Hub, or LATAM-EH, which aims to enhance dialogue between the U.S. audience—particularly in Michigan and the Midwest—and Latin America.

The hub organizes expert panels to probe the national and global relevance of the region’s most significant elections, providing data-driven analysis to journalists, policymakers and students.

“The idea is to bring together experts from different disciplines to discuss elections that have really high stakes,” said Franco-Vivanco, who is also an affiliate of the Center for Political Studies at the U-M Institute for Social Research.

Colombia at the crossroads

Juan Delgado

Most recently, a LATAM-EH panel analyzed the upcoming 2026 Colombian presidential contest. 

Three scholars—Juan Delgado, Leydy Diossa-Jiménez and Camilo Nieto-Matiz—painted a multidimensional picture of a country facing a fractured ideological landscape and the persistent shadow of political violence.

According to Delgado, U-M assistant professor of sociology, Colombian politics has revolved around armed conflict for decades. However, following the 2016 peace agreement with FARC guerrillas, voter priorities have shifted toward health care, education and corruption, he said.

“This is the first time in many years in Colombia where we have unified support for a left-wing candidate and a split vote on the right,” Delgado said.

While left-wing candidate Iván Cepeda currently leads polling for the May 31 election, the right remains split between populist Abelardo De La Espriella—whom Delgado likened to a “Colombian Trump”—and establishment conservative Paloma Valencia.

The diaspora ‘canary in the coal mine’

Leydy Diossa-Jiménez

The Colombian diaspora plays a uniquely important role in the nation’s elections, says Diossa-Jiménez, a postdoctoral fellow at U-M’s Center for Emerging Democracies. She says new data shows that the diaspora vote—which includes over 1.2 million registered voters—consistently runs about 15 percentage points to the right of the national result.

“Unless Cepeda clears 50% plus one in the first voting round on May 31, the diaspora pattern predicts the right will consolidate and he will not win the runoff,” Diossa-Jiménez said.

Security and violence

The stakes are further complicated by a resurgence of political violence, says Nieto-Matiz, assistant professor at the University of Texas at San Antonio. He says that more than 200 victims of political violence have been recorded since the campaign began in March 2025.

Nieto-Matiz contends that today’s armed groups are decentralized, targeting local officials who control municipal budgets. The regions experiencing the worst violence tend to support the left, though voters often attribute the instability to historical state abandonment rather than current policy.

Global Implications

The outcome of the May 31 vote will serve as a bellwether for the broader trajectory of left-wing governance and right-wing populism across Latin America, the researchers say.

Beyond research, LATAM-EH aims to bridge the gap between the classroom and the field as students engage directly with these regional experts. The hub plans to organize trips for students to serve as official electoral observers.

The hub’s work continues this fall with a panel on the 2026 Brazilian elections scheduled for October.

La democracia en una encrucijada: Descifrando el futuro de las elecciones en América Latina

  • Escrito por Tevah Platt, del Institute for Social Research; adaptado al español por Juan Ochoa, de Michigan News
  • May 5, 2026

ASESORÍA DE EXPERTOS

Con el aumento de la violencia política y la fractura de naciones estables, el futuro de la democracia en América Latina está alcanzando un punto crítico.

Edgar Franco-Vivanco

Edgar Franco-Vivanco, profesor asistente de ciencia política en la Universidad de Michigan, considera que este cambio requiere algo más que una observación casual. Esta convicción llevó a la fundación del Latin American Elections Hub (Centro de Elecciones Latinoamericanas, LATAM-EH).

El centro organiza paneles de expertos para indagar en la relevancia nacional y global de las elecciones más significativas de la región, proporcionando análisis basados en datos a periodistas, políticos y estudiantes.

“La idea es reunir a expertos de diferentes disciplinas para debatir sobre elecciones que tienen apuestas muy altas”, afirmó Franco-Vivanco, quien también es afiliado del Centro de Estudios Políticos del Instituto de Investigación Social de la Universidad de Michigan.

Colombia en la encrucijada

Recientemente, el LATAM-EH convocó un panel para analizar la próxima contienda presidencial de Colombia en 2026. Tres académicos, Juan Delgado, Leydy Diossa-Jiménez y Camilo Nieto-Matiz, presentaron un panorama multidimensional de un país que enfrenta un paisaje ideológico fracturado y la persistente sombra de la violencia política.

Juan Delgado

Juan Delgado, profesor asistente de sociología en la U-M, señaló que durante décadas la política colombiana giró en torno al conflicto armado. Sin embargo, tras el acuerdo de paz de 2016 con las guerrillas de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, las prioridades de los votantes se han desplazado hacia la salud, la educación y la corrupción.

“Esta es la primera vez en muchos años en Colombia donde tenemos un apoyo unificado para un candidato de izquierda y un voto dividido en la derecha”, dijo Delgado.

Mientras que el candidato de izquierda Iván Cepeda lidera actualmente las encuestas para las elecciones del 31 de mayo, la derecha permanece dividida entre el populista Abelardo De La Espriella, a quien Delgado comparó con un “Trump colombiano”, y la conservadora de tradición Paloma Valencia.

Leydy Diossa-Jiménez

La diáspora: El “canario en la mina”

La diáspora colombiana desempeña un papel de una importancia única en las elecciones de la nación. Leydy Diossa-Jiménez, becaria postdoctoral en el Centro para Democracias Emergentes de la U-M, presentó nuevos datos que muestran que el voto de la diáspora, que incluye a más de 1.2 millones de votantes registrados, se inclina sistemáticamente unos 15 puntos porcentuales más a la derecha que el resultado nacional.

“A menos que Cepeda logre el 50 por ciento más uno en la primera vuelta electoral el 31 de mayo, el patrón de la diáspora predice que la derecha se consolidará y él no ganará la segunda vuelta”, sostuvo Diossa-Jiménez.

Seguridad y violencia

El panorama se complica aún más por el resurgimiento de la violencia política. Camilo Nieto-Matiz, profesor asistente en la Universidad de Texas en San Antonio, señaló que se han registrado más de 200 víctimas de violencia política desde que comenzó la campaña en marzo de 2025.

Nieto-Matiz argumentó que los grupos armados actuales están descentralizados y tienen como objetivo a los funcionarios locales que controlan los presupuestos municipales. Las regiones que experimentan la peor violencia tienden a apoyar a la izquierda, aunque los votantes suelen atribuir la inestabilidad al abandono histórico del Estado más que a las políticas actuales.

Implicaciones globales

El resultado de la votación del 31 de mayo servirá como un indicador de la trayectoria más amplia de los gobiernos de izquierda y el populismo de derecha en toda América Latina.

Más allá de la investigación, el LATAM-EH busca cerrar la brecha entre el aula y el campo de trabajo, permitiendo que los estudiantes interactúen directamente con estos expertos regionales. El centro planea organizar viajes para que los estudiantes se desempeñen como observadores electorales oficiales.

El trabajo del centro continuará este otoño con un panel sobre las elecciones brasileñas de 2026, programado para octubre.

Tags: Democracylatin americaSouth America
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