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Honduras

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
March 6, 2025
in World Cultures
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English Below

Honduras es uno de los países más grandes de Centroamérica, detrás de Nicaragua. Cuenta con playas en el Mar Caribe-Atlántico como en el Pacífico. Colinda con Guatemala y El Salvador al norte y con Nicaragua al sur.

Es conocido por sus ecosistemas selváticos llenos de verdor, sus playas y su famoso sitio arqueológico y ceremonial Copán, construido por la antigua cultura maya. 

Su cultura es diversa pues ha sido habitado por diferentes culturas además de los mestizos hispanoparlantes, los cuales, cada uno con su propio idioma, costumbres, tradiciones, cultura, historia propia y, por supuesto, identidad. Los pueblos reconocidos son: Lencas, Pech, Tawahkas, Tolupanes, Maya-Chortis, Garifunas, Isleños, Misquitos, Nahuas.

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La sociedad Hondureña es conocida por su alegría y vitalidad. Los trajes de algunos de sus bailes folclóricos pueden tener las faldas largas de doble volante para poder colorear los teatros con sus diversos coloridos, o bien, representar a su patria con los colores blanco y azul. 

Argentina Díaz Lozano

Argentina Bueso Mejía nació el 15 de diciembre de 1912 en Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras. Al contraer matrimonio adoptó los apellidos de su marido, haciéndose llamar Argentina Díaz Lozano, como fue conocida literariamente. Estudió en Honduras, Estados Unidos y, posteriormente, en la Universidad de San Carlos, de Guatemala, Institución que a través de la Facultad de Humanidades, le otorgó el título honorario de Licenciado en Periodismo.

Dirigió la Academia Moderna de Tegucigalpa entre 1940 y 1943. Colaboró en distintos diarios como El Diario de Centroamérica, El Imparcial, Prensa Libre y La Hora; en los dos últimos tuvo una columna llamada Jueves Literarios. Su obra en general consiste de dos cuentos, doce novelas, ensayos y artículos de prensa. En 1959 y 1964 aparecieron publicadas en francés dos de sus novelas. 

Obtuvo varios premios, entre ellos, el primer lugar en el Concurso Latinoamericano de Novela (1942-1943) con “Peregrinaje”, otorgado por la Unión Panamericana de Washington, también el Premio Nacional de Literatura “Ramón Rosa” (Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 1968), Premio Cruzeiro Do Sud de Brasil en 1968. En 1974 la Academia Sueca la aceptó como candidata al Premio Nobel de literatura.

Su vida y sus escritos son una continua narración de los pormenores de una mujer que lucha tanto por sus derechos civiles como de género. En 1956, publicó en México su novela “49 días en la vida de una mujer”, que se podría describir como “49 días de felicidad”, debe su nombre original y el respectivo subtítulo, porque la trama se desarrolla entre el 16 de mayo y 3 de julio de 1954. Aunque nunca indica el nombre del personaje principal, “Ella”, ni el de su amor otoñal, “Él”, el lector no perderá el interés de saber en qué consiste la verdad que nuestra ilustre dama explicará a todos, especialmente a su familia de quien no se sabe si está integrada por un esposo e hijos, pues a través de sus páginas da la sensación que quiere contar acerca de una posible infidelidad o bien de un embarazo fuera del matrimonio, para al final llegar a deducir –debido a que la autora no lo aclara abiertamente– que “Ella” es una mujer viuda que decide volver a empezar su vida con una pareja, “Él”, a quien en la novela sólo ve furtivamente, en casas de amigas, cafeterías del centro de la ciudad o bien, en el Cerrito del Carmen donde concluye la historia.

En algunos versos de un poema dedicado a la ciudad de Amberes, Bélgica, describe una despedida que supone un canto fúnebre: “¡Campanas amberenses! ¡Dulcísimas y evocadoras campanas! Yo no podré olvidaros nunca y os ruego que repiquéis en la hora de mi final corpóreo, para que escuchándoos mi espíritu remonte al cielo!”

Argentina Díaz Lozano, falleció en el año 1999 en Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Roberto Ayón Balleseros

Leyenda Lenca de Tangaloa

Dice nuestra historia que hace mucho tiempo, en la antigüedad, nació en Tangolona un niño dotado de grandes poderes. El niño era muy sabio y hacia milagros, pero desafortunadamente, el niño había nacido con defectos en su cuerpo, se decía que el pequeño había nacido con varias piernas, por lo que sus padres lo mantuvieron en su casa y sin permiso de salir afuera y jugar con otros niños de la comunidad.

Una vez, el niño se enfermó de muerte y momentos antes de morir, la Luna le preguntó que si tenía un último deseo. El niño le dijo a la Luna que siempre había deseado ver el mar y que si ella se lo permitía, él quería entrar al mar antes de morir. La Luna le concedió el deseo y le convirtió en un pulpo. Desde entonces, Tangaloa vivió en el mar y su morada fue Jawairoa. 

Este guardián del mar trabaja en conjunto con Ti Tanawass (la deidad de las aguas del mar y los bosques salados que en lengua taulepa se llaman Niangas) para mantener las olas en su límite y mantener los animales marinos bajo protección. Ellos también asisten a los navegantes en alta mar. Por esta razón los Lencas no consumen pulpos en su dieta.

Honduras

Honduras is one of the largest countries in Central America, behind Nicaragua. It has beaches on both the Caribbean-Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It borders Guatemala and El Salvador to the north and Nicaragua to the south.

It is known for its green jungle ecosystems, its beaches and its famous archaeological and ceremonial site Copán, built by the ancient Mayan culture.

Its culture is diverse as it has been inhabited by different cultures in addition to the Spanish-speaking mestizos, each with their own language, customs, traditions, culture, history and, of course, identity. The recognized peoples are: Lencas, Pech, Tawahkas, Tolupanes, Maya-Chortis, Garifunas, Isleños, Misquitos, Nahuas.

Honduran society is known for its joy and vitality. The costumes for some of their folkloric dances may have long skirts with double flounces to be able to color the theaters with their various colors, or to represent their homeland with the colors white and blue.

Argentina Díaz Lozano

Argentina Bueso Mejía was born on December 15, 1912 in Santa Rosa de Copán, Honduras. When she got married, she adopted her husband’s surname, calling herself Argentina Díaz Lozano, as she was known in literature. She studied in Honduras, the United States, and later at the University of San Carlos, Guatemala, an institution that, through the Faculty of Humanities, awarded her the honorary degree of Bachelor of Journalism.

She directed the Academia Moderna in Tegucigalpa between 1940 and 1943. She collaborated in various newspapers such as El Diario de Centroamérica, El Imparcial, Prensa Libre and La Hora; in the las two she had a column called Jueves Literarios. Her work in general consists of two stories, twelve novels, essays and newspaper articles. In 1959 and 1964 two of her novels were published in French.

She won several awards, including first place in the Latin American Novel Contest (1942-1943) for “Peregrinaje,” awarded by the Pan-American Union in Washington, as well as the “Ramón Rosa” National Literature Prize (Tegucigalpa, Honduras, 1968) and the Cruzeiro Do Sud Prize in Brazil in 1968. In 1974, the Swedish Academy accepted her as a candidate for the Nobel Prize in literature.

Her life and writings are a continuous narration of the details of a woman who fights for both her civil and gender rights. In 1956, she published her novel “49 Days in the Life of a Woman” in Mexico, which could be described as “49 Days of Happiness”, owes its original name and the respective subtitle, because the plot takes place between May 16 and July 3, 1954. Although she never indicates the name of the main character, “She”, nor that of her autumn love, “He”, the reader will not lose interest in knowing what the truth is that our illustrious lady will explain to everyone, especially to her family, of whom it is not known if it is made up of a husband and children, she maintains the suspense by leaving many gaps in the plot so that the reader can build assumptions, which are later surprised. “She” is a widowed woman who decides to start her life over with a partner, “He”, whom in the novel she only sees furtively, in friends’ houses, cafes in the city center or, in Cerrito del Carmen where the story ends. In some verses of a poem dedicated to the city of Antwerp, Belgium, she describes a farewell that is like a funeral song: “Bells of Antwerp! Sweetest and most evocative bells! I will never be able to forget you and I beg you to ring at the hour of my physical end, so that, listening to you, my spirit will rise to heaven!”

Argentina Díaz Lozano, died in 1999 in Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Roberto Ayón Ballesteros

Lenca Legend of Tangaloa

Our story says that a long time ago, in ancient times, a child was born in Tangolona with great powers. The child was very wise and performed miracles, but unfortunately, the child was born with defects in his body. It was said that the child was born with several legs, so his parents kept him in their house and did not allow him to go outside and play with other children in the community.

One time, the child became deathly ill and moments before dying, the Moon asked him if he had a last wish. The child told the Moon that he had always wanted to see the sea and that if she allowed him, he wanted to enter the sea before dying. The Moon granted his wish and turned him into an octopus. Since then, Tangaloa lived in the sea and his home was Jawairoa.

This guardian of the sea works together with Ti Tanawass (the deity of the sea waters and salt forests, which in the Taulepa language are called Niangas) to keep the waves within their limits and to keep marine animals under protection. They also assist sailors on the high seas. For this reason, the Lencas do not consume octopus in their diet.

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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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