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Puerto Rico

Mariana Ayón RV by Mariana Ayón RV
September 25, 2025
in World Cultures
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This week, September 23, 1868, marked the commemoration of the Grito de Lares, which refers to the Puerto Rican independence insurrection movement, a movement that was swiftly suppressed by the Spanish crown. It’s worth remembering that times of change were already dawning, and liberal groups were pushing for political reforms on the island. By 1873, the movement promoting the abolition of slavery triumphed. Intellectual movements continued to exert pressure, and newspapers everywhere were printed with these calls for change. In 1887, it became known as “the terrible year of ’87,” as the most radical independence movements organized to boycott Spanish businesses and promote the prosperity of Puerto Rican businesses. The crown responded by hunting down, persecuting, and torturing the main leaders.

On November 25, 1897, due to unsustainable pressure, the Autonomous Charter was approved. On July 25, 1898, the United States entered the island in what is known as the Spanish-American War. In December 1898, the Treaty of Paris was signed, with which three of the Spanish colonial territories became unincorporated territories under US rule, including Puerto Rico.

 

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Nilita Vientós Gastón

Lawyer, professor, author, and defender of Puerto Rican literature and culture. She was the first woman to work as a lawyer in Puerto Rico.

“My life has been governed by three principles: dissent with everything that needs to be improved; dissent with everything that offends human dignity and needs to be changed; and boundless enthusiasm to fight for those who disagree and dissent.”

Mona Island

Mona Island is a natural reserve of scenic beauty and incalculable ecological value. Mona derives its name from the Araucan, a linguistic family to which the Taíno indigenous people belonged, a people who extended from the Amazon rainforest to the coasts of Venezuela and across almost the entire Antillean archipelago. Taíno means “good, noble.” Mona Island is named in honor of Chief Amona of that tribe.

History: On September 24, 1494, the Araucans of Mona saw a sail on the western horizon for the first time. The ship sailing to Quisqueya (the island where Haiti and the Dominican Republic meet) anchored on Mona, landing Spaniards. Its captain was Christopher Columbus. In 1508, the sail of Juan Ponce de León’s caravel appeared west of the island with fifty men sent from Jigüey in Santo Domingo to colonize San Juan Bautista (Puerto Rico). The ship remained for several days at Mona Island, then left.

Mona Island is preserved in an almost perfect natural state, which is why abundant marine life thrives there. In 1919, Mona Island became a forest reserve of the Government of Puerto Rico. The island measures 10.9 km long by 6.8 km wide, with a shape similar to that of a bean. It is located 73.6 km from the west coast of Puerto Rico. It has a dry climate, classified as a dry subtropical semi-arid region. The average temperature is approximately 97°F (36°C).

Mona Island’s natural attractions include cliffs, with depths of 35 meters or more. Reefs abound, with various types of coral, including a variety of formations. Beaches, including Playa Brava, Playa Las Mujeres, Playa del Uvero, Sardineras, and Playa Pájaros, are among the most visited. Caves are found everywhere, some extending for several kilometers. Taino petroglyphs can be seen in some of them. As for wildlife, one of the surprising and ancient inhabitants is the large Mona Iguana, a species protected by law due to its natural status, classified as “vulnerable.” Also noteworthy is the Mona coquí frog, which is found nowhere else in the world.

Puerto Rico

Esta semana, el 23 de septiembre de 1868, se conmemoró el Grito de Lares, que refiere al movimiento de insurrección independentista de Puerto Rico, mismo movimiento que fue sofocado prontamente por la corona española. Cabe recordar, que los tiempos de cambio ya se alzaban y los grupos liberales presionaban con reformas las políticas en la isla. Para 1873 el movimiento que promovía la abolición de la esclavitud triunfa. Los movimientos intelectuales seguían presionando y los periódicos se imprimían con estas voces de cambio por doquier. En 1887, se le conoce como “el año terrible del 87”, ya que los movimientos independentistas más radicales se organizaron para boicotear los comercios españoles y promover que prosperaran los negocios puertorriqueños, a lo que la corona respondió con la caza, persecución y tortura de los líderes principales.

El 25 de noviembre de 1897 debido a las presiones insostenibles se aprueba la Carta Autonómica. El 25 de julio de 1898 Estados Unidos entra a la isla con lo que se conoce la guerra Hispanoamericana o guerra Hispano-estadounidense. En diciembre de 1898 se firmó el Tratado de París, con el que tres de los territorios de la colonia española pasaron a ser territorios no incorporados en dominio estadounidense, entre ellos Puerto Rico.

Nilita Vientós Gastón

Abogada, profesora, autora, defensora de las letras y la cultura puertorriqueñas. Fue la primera mujer en trabajar como abogada en Puerto Rico.

“Mi vida se ha regido por tres principios: la inconformidad con todo lo que debe mejorarse; la disidencia con todo lo que ofenda la dignidad humana y deba cambiarse; y un entusiasmo sin límites, para luchar por los inconformes y los disidentes”.

Isla Mona

La Isla de Mona es una reserva natural con belleza escénica y de incalculable valor ecológico. Mona, deriva el nombre del vocablo arauco (“familia lingüística a la que pertenecían los indígenas taínos y pueblo que se extendía desde la selva amazona hasta las costas de Venezuela y por casi todo el archipiélago antillano”). Taíno significa “buenos, nobles”. La isla Mona es nombrada así en honor al Cacique Amona de esa tribu. 

Historia, el 24 de septiembre de 1494, los araucas de la Mona vieron por primera vez una vela en el horizonte occidental. El barco que se remontaba a Quisqueya (isla donde se encuentran Haití y República Dominicana), ancló en la Mona, desembarcando españoles. Su capitán era Cristóbal Colón. En 1508 al oeste de la isla apareció la vela de la carabela de Juan Ponce de León con cincuenta hombres, habían sido enviados del Jigüey en Santo Domingo, a colonizar San Juan Bautista (Puerto Rico). El barco permaneció durante varios días en la Mona, luego se marcharon.

La Isla Mona está conservada en casi perfecto estado natural, por lo que allí se desarrolla abundante vida marina. En 1919 la isla Mona pasó a ser reserva forestal del Gobierno de Puerto Rico. La isla mide 10.9 Km de largo por 6.8 Km de ancho, con una forma parecida a la de un grano de haba. Está localizada a una distancia de 73.6 Km de la costa oeste de Puerto Rico. Cuenta con un clima seco, clasificado como una región semiárida subtropical seca. La temperatura promedio es de aproximadamente 97°F (36°C).

Los atractivos naturales de Isla de Mona son Acantilados, con profundidades de 35 metros o más. Arrecifes, abundan diversos tipos entre los que encontramos corales de variadas formaciones. Playas, entre las que podemos destacar: Playa Brava, Playa Las Mujeres, Playa del Uvero, Sardineras y Playa Pájaros. Las dos últimas son las más visitadas. Cuevas, existen en todas partes y algunas se extienden por varios kilómetros. Se pueden observar en algunas de ellas petroglifos taínos. En cuanto a la fauna, uno de los habitantes sorprendentes y antiguos es la gran Iguana de Mona, especie protegida por leyes debido a su estado natural, clasificado como “vulnerable”. Además, la rana coquí de Mona que no se encuentra en ninguna otra parte del mundo. 

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Mariana Ayón RV

Mariana Ayón RV

Mexican poet and writer. Interested in hispanic-latinamerican cultures. Settled in Mexico, she is currently studying a Master's Degree in History.

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